PEMANFAATAN GULMA TITONIA (Tithonia diversifolia) SEBAGAI PUPUK ORGANIK PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32663/ja.v19i1.1829Keywords:
bokashi, organic fertilizer, sweetcorn, tithoniaAbstract
Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) is an invasive weed plant commonly grown in Asia and Africa, including in Bengkulu Province. As a weed, this plant is rarely used in agricultural production though it has great potential to be used as the primary source for organic fertilizer. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of doses and application frequency of organic fertilizer made of tithonia on the growth and yield of sweet corn. An experiment had been carried out in Bengkulu Province from September 2019 until February 2020. The research comprised three levels of organic fertilizer rates and two levels of application frequencies replicated thrice in Completely Randomized Design with LSD 5%. The results showed that tithonia organic fertilizer did not influence the plant heights of sweet corn but had significant effects on the dry weight of shoot and root. Tithonia organic fertilizer had fulfilled the minimum requirement as organic fertilizer as obliged in the national organic standard (SNI). The highest yield of sweet corn was obtained by applying 20 t/ha of tithonia organic fertilizer in the twice split application.
References
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Agbede, T. M., & Afolabi, L. A. (2014). Soil fertility improvement potentials of Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) and Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) using okra as test crop. Archives of Applied Science Research, 6(2), 42–47. Retrieved from http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html
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Bonifas, K. D., Walters, D. T., Cassman, K. G., & Lindquist, J. L. (2005). Nitrogen supply affects root?: shoot ratio in corn and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti ). Weed Science, 53, 670–675.
Djaman, K., Mel, V., Ametonou, F., El-Namaky, R., Diallo, M., & Koudahe, K. (2018). Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Dose and Application Timing on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Irrigated Hybrid Rice under Semi-Arid Conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science and Food Research, 9(2), 1–7.
Fageria, N. K. (2014). Nitrogen Management in Crop Production. Boca: CRC Press.
Fahmi, A., Syamsudin, Utami, S. N. H. ., & Radjagukguk, B. (2010). Pengaruh Interaksi Hara Nitrogen dan Fosfor terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) pada Tanah Regosol dan Latosol.pdf. Berita Biologi, 10(3), 297–304.
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Olfati, J. A., Piree, M., Rabiee, M., & Sheykhtaher, Z. (2014). Fertilizer Amount and Split Application on Fertilizer Efficiency in Garlic. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 20(3), 197–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2013.769039
Perez, C. M., Juliano, B., Liboon, S. P., Alcantara, J. M., & Cassman, K. G. (1996). Effects of Late Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Head Rice Yield, Protein Content, and Grain Quality of Rice. Cereal Chemistry, 73(5), 556–560.
Poffenbarger, H. J., Mirsky, S. B., Teasdale, J. R., Spargo, J. T., Cavigelli, M. A., & Kramer, M. (2015). Nitrogen Competition between Corn and Weeds in Soils under Organic and Conventional Management. Weed Science, 63(2), 461–476. https://doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-14-00099.1
Putra, C. R., Wahyudi, I., & Hasanah, U. (2015). Serapan N (Nitrogen) dan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L) Varietas Lembah Palu Akibat Pemberian Bokashi Titonia (Titonia diversifolia) Pada Entisol Guntarano. Jurnal Agrotekbis, 3(4), 448–454.
Rozen, N., Gusnidar, G., & Hakim, N. (2020). Organic Fertilizer Titonia Plus and Micro Nutrients Improved Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Production in Koto Panjang and Koto Tinggi, Padang City, West Sumatera, Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Crop Science, 7(01), 22–27. https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.7.01.22-27
Sherchan, D., Upreti, R., & Maskey, S. (2004). Effect of Micronutrients on Production of Maize (Zea mays L.) in the Acid Soils of Chitwan Valley. In P. Andersen, J. Tuladhar, K. Karki, & S. Maskey (Eds.), Micronutrients in South and South East Asia: Proceeding of an International Workshop (pp. 169–180). Kathmandu, Nepal: Nepal Agricultural Research Institute.
Sunarti, & Hasibuan, I. (2020). Meningkatkan Kadar Nitrogen Pupuk Organik Pelepah Sawit Untuk Mendapatkan Rasio C/N Ideal. Agroqua, 18(2), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.32663/ja.v
Woodruff, L. K., Habteselassie, M. Y., Norton, J. M., Boyhan, G. E., & Cabrera, M. L. (2019). Yield and nutrient dynamics in conventional and organic sweet corn production systems. Agronomy Journal, III(5), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2018.09.0625
Yunita, I., Heddy, S., & Sudiarso. (2017). Pengaruh Perbedaan Jarak Tanam Dan Dosis Pupuk Urin Sapi Fermentasi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 5(8), 1284–1293.
Agbede, T. M., & Afolabi, L. A. (2014). Soil fertility improvement potentials of Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) and Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) using okra as test crop. Archives of Applied Science Research, 6(2), 42–47. Retrieved from http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html
Badan Standarisasi Nasional. (2004). Standar Kualitas Kompos 19-7030-2004. Sni-19-7030-2004, p. 7030.
Binder, D. L., Sander, D. H., & Walters, D. T. (2000). Maize Response to Time of Nitrogen Application as Affected by Level of Nitrogen Deficiency. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 92, 1228–1236.
Bonifas, K. D., Walters, D. T., Cassman, K. G., & Lindquist, J. L. (2005). Nitrogen supply affects root?: shoot ratio in corn and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti ). Weed Science, 53, 670–675.
Djaman, K., Mel, V., Ametonou, F., El-Namaky, R., Diallo, M., & Koudahe, K. (2018). Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Dose and Application Timing on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Irrigated Hybrid Rice under Semi-Arid Conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science and Food Research, 9(2), 1–7.
Fageria, N. K. (2014). Nitrogen Management in Crop Production. Boca: CRC Press.
Fahmi, A., Syamsudin, Utami, S. N. H. ., & Radjagukguk, B. (2010). Pengaruh Interaksi Hara Nitrogen dan Fosfor terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) pada Tanah Regosol dan Latosol.pdf. Berita Biologi, 10(3), 297–304.
Footer, A. (2014). Bokashi Composting: Scraps To Soil in Weeks (First Edit). Gabriola Island, Canada: New Society Publisher.
Gusnidar, Fitri, A., & Yasin, S. (2019). Titonia dan Jerami Padi yang Dikomposkan terhadap Ciri Kimia Tanah Dan Produksi Jagung Pada Ultisol. Jurnal Solum, XVI(1), 11–18.
Hafifah, Sudiarso, Maghfoer, M. D., & Prasetya, B. (2016). The Potential of Tithonia diversifolia Green Manure for Improving Soil Quality for Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis L.). Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management, 3(2), 499–506. https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2016.032.499
Hasibuan, I. (2020). Pertanian Organik: Prinsip dan Praktis. Magelang: Tidar Media.
IFOAM. (2006). The IFOAM basic standards for organic production and processing version 2005. Retrieved from http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/org_farm/pdf/IFOAM_basic_standards.pdf
Jama, B., Palm, C. A., Buresh, R. J., Niang, A., Gachengo, C., Nziguheba, G., & Amadalo, B. (2000). Tithonia diversifolia as green manure for soil fertility improvement in western Kenya: A review. Agroforestry Systems, 49(2), 201–221. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006339025728
Johnson, H. J., Colquhoun, J. B., Bussan, A. J., & Rittmeyer, R. A. (2010). Feasibility of Organic Weed Management in Sweet Corn and Snap Bean for Processing. Weed Technology, 24(4), 544–550. https://doi.org/10.1614/wt-09-052.1
Jurhana, Made, U., & Madauna, I. (2017). Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis Pada Berbagai Dosis Pupuk Organik. E-J Agrotekbis, 5(3), 324–328.
Kementan. (2011). Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011 tentang Pupuk organik, pupuk hayati dan pembenah tanah (pp. 1–88). pp. 1–88. Jakarta: Kementerian Pertanian.
Kementan. (2019). Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Republik Indonesia No. 261/KPTS/SR.310/M/4/2019 Tentang Persyaratan Minimal Pupuk Organik, Pupuk Hayati dan Pembenah Tanah (pp. 1–18). pp. 1–18. Jakarta: Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia.
Kim, M. J., Shim, C. K., Kim, Y. K., Hong, S. J., Park, J. H., Han, E. J., … Kim, S. C. (2015). Effect of Aerated Compost Tea on the Growth Promotion of Lettuce, Soybean, and Sweet Corn in Organic Cultivation. Plant Pathology Journal, 31(3), 259–268.
Maharjan, G. R., Ruidisch, M., Shope, C. L., Choi, K., Huwe, B., Kim, S. J., … Arnhold, S. (2016). Assessing the effectiveness of split fertilization and cover crop cultivation in order to conserve soil and water resources and improve crop productivity. Agricultural Water Management, 163, 305–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.10.005
Olfati, J. A., Piree, M., Rabiee, M., & Sheykhtaher, Z. (2014). Fertilizer Amount and Split Application on Fertilizer Efficiency in Garlic. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 20(3), 197–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2013.769039
Perez, C. M., Juliano, B., Liboon, S. P., Alcantara, J. M., & Cassman, K. G. (1996). Effects of Late Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Head Rice Yield, Protein Content, and Grain Quality of Rice. Cereal Chemistry, 73(5), 556–560.
Poffenbarger, H. J., Mirsky, S. B., Teasdale, J. R., Spargo, J. T., Cavigelli, M. A., & Kramer, M. (2015). Nitrogen Competition between Corn and Weeds in Soils under Organic and Conventional Management. Weed Science, 63(2), 461–476. https://doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-14-00099.1
Putra, C. R., Wahyudi, I., & Hasanah, U. (2015). Serapan N (Nitrogen) dan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L) Varietas Lembah Palu Akibat Pemberian Bokashi Titonia (Titonia diversifolia) Pada Entisol Guntarano. Jurnal Agrotekbis, 3(4), 448–454.
Rozen, N., Gusnidar, G., & Hakim, N. (2020). Organic Fertilizer Titonia Plus and Micro Nutrients Improved Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Production in Koto Panjang and Koto Tinggi, Padang City, West Sumatera, Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Crop Science, 7(01), 22–27. https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.7.01.22-27
Sherchan, D., Upreti, R., & Maskey, S. (2004). Effect of Micronutrients on Production of Maize (Zea mays L.) in the Acid Soils of Chitwan Valley. In P. Andersen, J. Tuladhar, K. Karki, & S. Maskey (Eds.), Micronutrients in South and South East Asia: Proceeding of an International Workshop (pp. 169–180). Kathmandu, Nepal: Nepal Agricultural Research Institute.
Sunarti, & Hasibuan, I. (2020). Meningkatkan Kadar Nitrogen Pupuk Organik Pelepah Sawit Untuk Mendapatkan Rasio C/N Ideal. Agroqua, 18(2), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.32663/ja.v
Woodruff, L. K., Habteselassie, M. Y., Norton, J. M., Boyhan, G. E., & Cabrera, M. L. (2019). Yield and nutrient dynamics in conventional and organic sweet corn production systems. Agronomy Journal, III(5), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2018.09.0625
Yunita, I., Heddy, S., & Sudiarso. (2017). Pengaruh Perbedaan Jarak Tanam Dan Dosis Pupuk Urin Sapi Fermentasi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 5(8), 1284–1293.
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