PARAMETER KEMATANGAN FISIK, KIMIA, DAN BIOLOGIS PUPUK BOKASHI IKAN RUCAH
Abstract
Indonesia is the second greatest fish producer in the world after China with a total production of almost seven million tonnes in 2018. Meanwhile, Bengkulu is one of the provinces that are rich in fish resources. However, about 30-60% of fish produced is considered fish waste. Ikan rucah is small fish that has low or no economical value, thus it is regarded as a waste. Ikan rucah should be managed to avoid its negative effects on the environment. One of the options is by transforming it into organic fertilizer. Nevertheless, producing organic fertilizer by using fish waste is complicated since it will be easily rotten in futile fermentation. Thus, the objective of the research was aimed to evaluate the maturity of fish waste bokashi by using three parameters including physical, chemical, and biological aspects. The study had been carried out in the Laboratory of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hazairin, Bengkulu in late 2020. The research was begun by preparing fish waste in three drying levels that were 85%, 70%, and 30% water content thus they were stated as fresh, medium, and dry fish waste, respectively. Each of those was then fermented in anaerobic methods for 2 and 3 weeks. The bokashi produced then analyzed in the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. The results of this study confirmed that ikan rucah could be used as a source of organic material for organic fertilizer. Every treatment tested showed a good maturity level in physical parameters. Furthermore, the important findings were the high contents of main nutrients that were 1.5-5% and 4-5%, respectively for nitrogen and phosphorus. In addition, the biological maturity reached after 3 weeks of fermentation that confirmed germination index (GI) of about more than 100% or categorized as highly mature.
Downloads
References
Antil RS, Raj D, Abdalla N, Inubushi K. Physical, Chemical and Biological Parameters for Compost Maturity Assessment: A Review. In: Maheswari DK, editor. (2014). Composting for Sustainable Agriculture. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
Astuti, E.F. (2009). Pengaruh Jenis Tepung dan Cara Pemasakan Terhadap Mutu Bakso dari Surimi Ikan Hasil Tangkapan Sampingan (HTS). Skripsi. Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
BPS Bengkulu. (2019). Provinsi Bengkulu dalam Angka. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bengkulu.Bengkulu.
Caldevilla, E. M., G. M. Lozano. (1993). Cultivos Sin Suelo.Hortalizas en clima mediterraneo.Compendia de Horticultura 3: 123
CCQC. (2001). Compost Maturity Index. California Compost Quality Council, Nevada City, CA
Coppola D, Lauritano C, Palma Esposito F, Riccio G, Rizzo C, de Pascale D. (2021). Fish Waste: From Problem to Valuable Resource. Mar Drugs. 19(2):1–39.
Davis, J. G., M. A. P. Brown, C. Evans, and J. Mansfield. (2004). The Integration of Foliar Aplied Saeweed And Fish Into The Fertility Management of Organically Grown Sweeet Papper. Organic Farming Research Fondation Project Report. North Carolina State University
Djuarnani, N., Kristian, Setiawan, B.S. (2006). Cara Cepat Membuat Kompos. Agromedia Pustaka. Jakarta.
FAO. (2018). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 - Meeting the sustainable development goals. Rome. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
Footer, A. (2014). Bokashi composting: scraps to soil in weeks. Canada. New society publishers.
Gariglio, N. F., A. Pilatti, D. E. Gonzalezrossia, M.R. Acosta. (2002). Use of a germination bioassay to test compost maturity of willow (Salix sp.) sawdust.New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, Vol. 30: 135-139.
Jumirah, Jati AWN, Yulianti LIM. (2018). Kualitas Pupuk Cair Organik dengan Kombinasi Limbah Ampas Jamu dan Limbah Ikan.Biota.;3(2):53–61.
Hasibuan, I. (2020). Pertanian Organik; Prinsip Pertanian Organik. Tidar Media. Magelang
Hasibuan, I. (2021). Teknologi Pupuk Organik. Global Aksara Pres. Surabaya.
Ibrahim, B. (2005). Kaji ulang sistem pengelolaan limbah cair industri hasil perikanan biologis dengan lumpur aktif. Bulletin TeknologiHasil Perikanan, VIII(1):31-41.
Kementan.(2019). Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Republik Indonesia No. 261/KPTS/SR.310/M/4/2019 Tentang Persyaratan Minimal Pupuk Organik, Pupuk Hayati dan Pembenah Tanah. Jakarta: Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia; p. 1–18.
Marti-Quijal FJ, Remize F, Meca G, Ferrer E, Ruiz MJ, Barba FJ. (2020). Fermentation in fish and by-products processing: an overview of current research and future prospects. Curr Opin Food Sci.;31:9–16.
Moeljanto. (1994). Pengawetan Dan Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta
Oktiawan W, Zaman B, Purwono. (2018). Use of a germination bioassay to test compost maturity in Tekelan Village.E3S Web Conf. 31:2017–2019.
Selim, S. M., M. S. Zayed, H. M. Atta. (2012). Evaluation of Phytotoxicity of Compost during Composting Process.Nature and Science 10(2):69-77.
Silvya, Nainggolan, H., Gultom, J., & Wirjosentono, B. (2013). Studi pemanfaatan limbah ikan dari tempat pelelangan ikan(TPI) dan pasar tradisional Sibolga sebagai bahan baku kompos. Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal, 2:2(November), 90-99. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201308264
Sukarso. (2019). Pengaruh Bokashi Ikan Rucah Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L). Skripsi. Jurusan Agroteknologi. Fakultas Pertanian. Universitas Prof. Dr. Hazairin, SH. Bengkulu.
Venelampi O, Vikman M, Kapanen A, Itavaara M. (2014). Methods and Procedures To Assess Compost Maturity and Stability. Vtt Biotechnology. Finland: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland.
Wichuk KM, McCartney D. (2010).Compost stability and maturity evaluation - a literature review.Can J Civ Eng. 37(11):1505–23.
Zucconi, F., Forte, M., Monaco, A., Beritodi, M., (1981).Biological evaluation of compost maturity.Biocycle 22: 27–29.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internasional (CC BY 4.0) Licence that allows others to use and share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- The author(s) still hold the copyright of his/her/their work and retain publishing rights without restrictions such as (but not limited to) patent right, lecture, book and reproduce the article for own purposes.
