EKSPLORASI CENDAWAN ENDOFIT ASAL DAUN TANAMAN KARET (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) SERTA POTENSI ANTAGONISMENYA TERHADAP PENYAKIT GUGUR DAUN Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32663/ja.v21i1.3623Keywords:
Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg, Cendawan Endofit, Cendawan Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesAbstract
This study aims to explore endophytic fungi found on the leaves of healthy rubber plants and determine their antagonistic potential against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides leaf fall disease in vitro using Potato Dextrose Agar media with the Dual Culture method. Almost all parts of the rubber plant can be infected with a number of plant diseases, one of which attacks the leaves. Leaf fall disease can be detrimental because fallen leaves can cause plant growth to be inhibited, and sap or latex production will decrease and can even result in death of the plant. An alternative to controlling diseases that have attacked widely is to use biological control by exploration. Exploration is carried out to obtain beneficial biological control materials and is the first step in the implementation of biological control techniques. The research was conducted using a Non-Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), namely by using PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) solid media consisting of 4 replicates, as the treatment was an isolate of endophytic fungi from exploration and the isolate tested for antagonism was the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides fungus. The results of the percentage of inhibition on endophytic fungus isolates that are able to inhibit or suppress the growth of the mycelium of the C. gloeosporioides fungus with values ranging from 40% are only found in endophytic fungus isolate C (Arthobotrys Corda) in the P3 treatment with an average percentage inhibition of 40.94% which is included in the criteria for a medium percentage of inhibition.
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https://repository.unej.ac.id/handle/123456789/78142
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Dickman, M. W. (1993). The Fungi. Academic Press, New York.
Gazis, R.O. (2012). Evaluating The Endophytic Community In Planted And Wild Rubber Trees (Hevea brasiliensis). University of Maryland, College Park. Retrieved from
https://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/handle/1903/12661/Gazis_umd_0117E_13047.pdf;sequence=1
Harahap, A. S., Yuliani, T. S. dan Widodo. (2015). Deteksi dan identifikasi cendawan terbawa benih brassicaceae. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia, 11(3), 97-103.
doi:https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.11.3.97
Irawati, A. F. C., Mutaqin, K. H., Suhartono, M. T., Sastro, Y., Sulastri., dan Widodo. (2017). Eksplorasi dan pengaruh cendawan endofit yang berasal dari akar tanaman cabai terhadap pertumbuhan benih cabai merah. Jurnal Hortikultura 27(1), 105-112.
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230844968
Kumar, N., dan Khurana, S.M.P. (2021). Trichoderma-plant-pathogen interactions for benefit of agriculture and environment. In Biocontrol Agents and Secondary Metabolites ,41–63. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822919-4.00003-x.
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266005377
Park, S.K. (2005). Differential Interaction Between Pepper Genotypes And Colletotrichum Isolates Causing Anthracnose. Thesis. Seoul Nat. Univ., Seoul, Korea. 48 p.
Perfect, S.E., Hughes, H.B., O’Connell, R.J., dan Green, J.R. (1999). Colletotrichum: A Model Genus for Studies on Pathology and Fungal-Plant Interactions. Fungal Genetics and Biology 27(2-3), 186-198. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1006/fgbi.1999.1143
Persulessy, E, R., Lembang, F.K., Djidin, H. (2016). Penilaian cara mengajar menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (studi kasus: jurusan matematika FMIPA UNPATTI). Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 10(1), 9-16.
doi:10.30598/barekengvol10iss1pp9-16
Procopio, R.E.L., Araujo, W., Maccheroni, Jr., dan Azevedo, J.L. (2009). Characterization of an endophytic bacterial community associated with eucalyptus spp. Genet Mol Res 8(4), 1408-1422. doi:10.4238/vol8-4gmr691
Purwantisari, S., dan Hastuti, R.B. (2009). Uji antagonisme jamur patogen phytophthora infestans penyebab penyakit busuk daun dan umbi tanaman kentang dengan menggunakan trichoderma spp. isolat lokal. BIOMA 11(1), 24-32.
Retrieved from
http://eprints.undip.ac.id/2000/1/Bioma_Susiana_Juni_2009_.pdf
Raguchander, T., Senthil, R., Shanmugapackiam, S., dan Ramjegathesh, R. (2011). Formulation and Delivery Systems of Pseudomonas Fluorescens. Dalam Samiyappan, R., Jonathan R., Chandrasekar E.I., Raguchander G., Mohankumar T., Nakkeeran S., Karthikeyan S., Saravanakumar G., Rajendran D., Ramjegathesh L. (Ed.) International Workshop on Production of Biocontrol Agents, 18-22 July 2011 (Issue July, pp. 53–74). Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344803485
Seema, M., dan Devaki, N. S. (2012). In Vitro Evaluation of Biological Control Agent Against Rhizoctonia solani. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 8(1), 233-240. Retrieved from
http://www.ijat-aatsea.com/pdf/v8_n1_12_January/21_IJAT_2012_8_1__N.S.pdf
Semangun, H. (1990). Penyakit Tanaman Kebun di Indonesia. Gajah Mada University Press. Jogyakarta.
Sieber, T. N. dan Grünig, C. R. (2006). Biodiversity of Fungal Root-Endophyte Communities and Populations, in Particular of the Dark Septate Endophyte Phialocephala fortinii s. I. Soil Biology. Microbial Root Endophytes 9, 134-7.
doi:10.1007/3-540-33526-9_7
Syamsafitri, S. dan Hasanuddin, H. (2013). Isolation and exploration of rubber endophytic fungi (Hevea brasilliensis Muell.Arg). In Proceedings of the National Seminar and Deans Annual Meeting of the Agricultural Sciences of the Western Region BKS-BTN. Pontianak.
Tirtana, Z.Y.G., Sulistyowati, L., dan Cholil, A. (2013). Eksplorasi jamur endofit
pada tanaman kentang (solanum tuberosum l) serta potensi antagonismenya terhadap phytophthora infestans (mont.) de barry penyebab penyakit hawar daun secara in vitro. Jurnal HPT 1(3), 91-101. Retrieved from
https://jurnalhpt.ub.ac.id/index.php/jhpt/article/view/75
Trigiano, R.N., Windham, M.T., dan Windham, A.S. (2008). Plant pathology: Concepts and Laboratory Exercises (p. 558). Second Edition. CRC Press. New York.
Villarraga, D.M.V., Tibambre, M.E.M., Romero, I.B.A., Suarez-Moreno, Z.M., dan Moreno-Sarmiento, N.M. (2017). Evaluation of biocontrol properties of Streptomyces spp. isolates against phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Microcyclus ulei. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 11(5) : 141–154.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2016. 8270
Watanabe, T. (2002). Pictorial Atlas of Soil and Seed Fungi: Morphologies of Cultured Fungi and Key to Species. Ed ke-2. Florida (US): CRC Press LLC.
Wilia, W., Hayati, I., dan Ristiyadi, D. (2012). Eksplorasi cendawan endofit dari tanaman padi sebagai agens pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman. BIOPLANTAE 1(4), 299-304.
Retrieved from
https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/bioplante/article/view/1731
Yang, L., Li, G.Q., Long, Y.Q., Hong, G.P., Jiang, D.H., dan Huang, H.C. (2010). Effects of soil temperature and moisture on survival of coniothyrium minitans conidia in central china. Biol. Control 55(1), 27-33. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.06.010
http://perlindungan.ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id/web/page/title/312961/tanaman-karet-meranggas-akibat-penyakit-gugur-daun.
Amaria, W., Taufiq, E., dan Harni, R. (2013). Seleksi dan identifikasi jamur antagonis sebagai agens hayati jamur akar putih (Rigidoporus microporus) pada tanaman karet. Buletin RISTRI 4(1), 55-64. Retrieved from
https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/133158-ID-seleksi-dan-identifikasi-jamur-antagonis.pdf
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. (2017). Statistik Karet Alam Indonesia. Jakarta (ID): Badan Pusat Statistik.
https://www.bps.go.id
Darmawan, E. (2016). Eksplorasi Jamur Entomopatogen Beauveria bassiana, Metarrhizium anisopliae, dan Jamur Antagonis Trichoderma sp. Pada Beberapa Sampel Tanah Pertanaman Tembakau. Skripsi. Digital Repository Universitas Jember.
Retrieved from
https://repository.unej.ac.id/handle/123456789/78142
Daslin, A. (2013). Ketahanan genetik berbagai klon karet introduksi terhadap penyakit gugur daun. Jurnal Penelitian Karet 31(2), 79-87. doi:10.22302/jpk.v31i2.135
Dickman, M. W. (1993). The Fungi. Academic Press, New York.
Gazis, R.O. (2012). Evaluating The Endophytic Community In Planted And Wild Rubber Trees (Hevea brasiliensis). University of Maryland, College Park. Retrieved from
https://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/handle/1903/12661/Gazis_umd_0117E_13047.pdf;sequence=1
Harahap, A. S., Yuliani, T. S. dan Widodo. (2015). Deteksi dan identifikasi cendawan terbawa benih brassicaceae. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia, 11(3), 97-103.
doi:https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.11.3.97
Irawati, A. F. C., Mutaqin, K. H., Suhartono, M. T., Sastro, Y., Sulastri., dan Widodo. (2017). Eksplorasi dan pengaruh cendawan endofit yang berasal dari akar tanaman cabai terhadap pertumbuhan benih cabai merah. Jurnal Hortikultura 27(1), 105-112.
doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v27n1.2017.p105-112
Juliansyah, H dan Riyono, A. (2018). Pengaruh produksi, luas lahan dan tingkat pendidikan terhadap pendapatan petani karet di desa Bukit Hagu Kecamatan Lhoksukon Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian Unimal 1(2), 65-72. doi:https://doi.org/10.29103/jepu.v1i2.522
Kartika, T. (2013). ‘Viabilitas, parameter, dan tolok ukur viabilitas benih’, dalam Widajati, E., Murniati, E., Palupi, E.R., Kartika, T., Suhartanto, M.R., dan Qadir, A. (eds.) 1, Dasar ilmu dan teknologi benih, IPB Press, Bogor.
Khan, S.A., Hamayun, M., Khan, A.L., Lee I Jung, Shinwari, Z.K., dan Kim J Guk. (2012). Isolation of plant growth promoting endophytic fungi from dicots inhabiting coastal sand dunes of Korea. Pakistan J Bot. 44(4), 1453–1460. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230844968
Kumar, N., dan Khurana, S.M.P. (2021). Trichoderma-plant-pathogen interactions for benefit of agriculture and environment. In Biocontrol Agents and Secondary Metabolites ,41–63. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822919-4.00003-x.
Octriana, L. (2011). Potensi Agen Hayati dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Phytium sp. secara In vitro. Buletin Plasma Nutfah, 17(2), 138-142.
doi:10.21082/blpn.v17n2.2011.p138-142
Ora, N., Faruq, A.N., Islam, M.T., Akhtar, N., dan Rahman, M.M. (2011). Detection and identification of seed borne pathogen from some cultivated hybrid rice varieties in Bangladesh. Mid J Sci Res. 10(4), 482–488. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266005377
Park, S.K. (2005). Differential Interaction Between Pepper Genotypes And Colletotrichum Isolates Causing Anthracnose. Thesis. Seoul Nat. Univ., Seoul, Korea. 48 p.
Perfect, S.E., Hughes, H.B., O’Connell, R.J., dan Green, J.R. (1999). Colletotrichum: A Model Genus for Studies on Pathology and Fungal-Plant Interactions. Fungal Genetics and Biology 27(2-3), 186-198. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1006/fgbi.1999.1143
Persulessy, E, R., Lembang, F.K., Djidin, H. (2016). Penilaian cara mengajar menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (studi kasus: jurusan matematika FMIPA UNPATTI). Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 10(1), 9-16.
doi:10.30598/barekengvol10iss1pp9-16
Procopio, R.E.L., Araujo, W., Maccheroni, Jr., dan Azevedo, J.L. (2009). Characterization of an endophytic bacterial community associated with eucalyptus spp. Genet Mol Res 8(4), 1408-1422. doi:10.4238/vol8-4gmr691
Purwantisari, S., dan Hastuti, R.B. (2009). Uji antagonisme jamur patogen phytophthora infestans penyebab penyakit busuk daun dan umbi tanaman kentang dengan menggunakan trichoderma spp. isolat lokal. BIOMA 11(1), 24-32.
Retrieved from
http://eprints.undip.ac.id/2000/1/Bioma_Susiana_Juni_2009_.pdf
Raguchander, T., Senthil, R., Shanmugapackiam, S., dan Ramjegathesh, R. (2011). Formulation and Delivery Systems of Pseudomonas Fluorescens. Dalam Samiyappan, R., Jonathan R., Chandrasekar E.I., Raguchander G., Mohankumar T., Nakkeeran S., Karthikeyan S., Saravanakumar G., Rajendran D., Ramjegathesh L. (Ed.) International Workshop on Production of Biocontrol Agents, 18-22 July 2011 (Issue July, pp. 53–74). Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344803485
Seema, M., dan Devaki, N. S. (2012). In Vitro Evaluation of Biological Control Agent Against Rhizoctonia solani. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 8(1), 233-240. Retrieved from
http://www.ijat-aatsea.com/pdf/v8_n1_12_January/21_IJAT_2012_8_1__N.S.pdf
Semangun, H. (1990). Penyakit Tanaman Kebun di Indonesia. Gajah Mada University Press. Jogyakarta.
Sieber, T. N. dan Grünig, C. R. (2006). Biodiversity of Fungal Root-Endophyte Communities and Populations, in Particular of the Dark Septate Endophyte Phialocephala fortinii s. I. Soil Biology. Microbial Root Endophytes 9, 134-7.
doi:10.1007/3-540-33526-9_7
Syamsafitri, S. dan Hasanuddin, H. (2013). Isolation and exploration of rubber endophytic fungi (Hevea brasilliensis Muell.Arg). In Proceedings of the National Seminar and Deans Annual Meeting of the Agricultural Sciences of the Western Region BKS-BTN. Pontianak.
Tirtana, Z.Y.G., Sulistyowati, L., dan Cholil, A. (2013). Eksplorasi jamur endofit
pada tanaman kentang (solanum tuberosum l) serta potensi antagonismenya terhadap phytophthora infestans (mont.) de barry penyebab penyakit hawar daun secara in vitro. Jurnal HPT 1(3), 91-101. Retrieved from
https://jurnalhpt.ub.ac.id/index.php/jhpt/article/view/75
Trigiano, R.N., Windham, M.T., dan Windham, A.S. (2008). Plant pathology: Concepts and Laboratory Exercises (p. 558). Second Edition. CRC Press. New York.
Villarraga, D.M.V., Tibambre, M.E.M., Romero, I.B.A., Suarez-Moreno, Z.M., dan Moreno-Sarmiento, N.M. (2017). Evaluation of biocontrol properties of Streptomyces spp. isolates against phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Microcyclus ulei. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 11(5) : 141–154.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2016. 8270
Watanabe, T. (2002). Pictorial Atlas of Soil and Seed Fungi: Morphologies of Cultured Fungi and Key to Species. Ed ke-2. Florida (US): CRC Press LLC.
Wilia, W., Hayati, I., dan Ristiyadi, D. (2012). Eksplorasi cendawan endofit dari tanaman padi sebagai agens pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman. BIOPLANTAE 1(4), 299-304.
Retrieved from
https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/bioplante/article/view/1731
Yang, L., Li, G.Q., Long, Y.Q., Hong, G.P., Jiang, D.H., dan Huang, H.C. (2010). Effects of soil temperature and moisture on survival of coniothyrium minitans conidia in central china. Biol. Control 55(1), 27-33. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.06.010
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