Mitigasi Agronomis Cekaman Kekeringan Dalam Produksi Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Febrizany Sanjung Miftahul Firdausy; Zelin Alsyah  Dora; Raka Teo  Endrawan; Nani Tri  Amiati; Zahra Salsabila  Indra; Yanuavitha Triana Eka  Suci; Tyara Tyara; Said Agil  Almunawar; Ferani  Agustin; Marwin  Santoso; Lena  Hayati; Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi

doi:10.32663/ja.v22i2.4749

Authors

febrizany sanjung miftahul firdausy Universitas Bengkulu
Zelin Alsyah Dora Program Studi Magister Agroekoteknologi, Universitas Bengkulu
Raka Teo Endrawan Program Studi Magister Agroekoteknologi, Universitas Bengkulu
Nani Tri Amiati Program Studi Magister Agroekoteknologi, Universitas Bengkulu
Zahra Salsabila Indra Program Studi Magister Agroekoteknologi, Universitas Bengkulu
Yanuavitha Triana Eka Suci Program Studi Magister Agroekoteknologi, Universitas Bengkulu
Tyara Tyara Program Studi Magister Agroekoteknologi, Universitas Bengkulu
Said Agil Almunawar Program Studi Magister Agroekoteknologi, Universitas Bengkulu
Ferani Agustin Program Studi Magister Agroekoteknologi, Universitas Bengkulu
Marwin Santoso Program Studi Magister Agroekoteknologi, Universitas Bengkulu
Lena Hayati Program Studi Magister Agroekoteknologi, Universitas Bengkulu
Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Bengkulu

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32663/ja.v22i2.4749

Keywords:

agronomic mitigation, drought stress, growth and yield, potato

Abstract

Potato production is increasingly encountered with drought stress, which is one of the factors in affecting agricultural yields as a result of the dynamics of global climate change and the agricultural environment. Efforts to improve the ability of potatoes to adapt with drought stress could be done through plant breeding approaches and a combination of various agronomic practices. This review aims to describe the application of agronomic action strategies that can be used to improve the ability of potatoes to adapt to drought conditions. Various agronomic practices can be applied to mitigate the stressful potatoes to have maximum production grown under drought conditions. These mitigations include the use of drought tolerant varieties, selection of planting material, spacing, selection of the right planting time, providing shade, using organic and inorganic mulch, agricultural land management, weed and pest controls, cropping systems, row-planting orientations, using organic fertilizers and applying beneficial microorganisms.

References

Agung, T., D. H. Ahadiyat, dan Y. Rahayu. 2004. Analisis efisiensi serapan N, pertumbuhan, dan hasil beberapa kultivar kedelai unggul baru dengan cekaman kekeringan dan pemberian pupuk hayati. Agrosains 6(2):70–74.

Aliche, E. B., M. Oortwijn, T. P. J. M. Theeuwen, C. W. B. Bachem, R. G. F. Visser, and C. G. V. D. Linden. 2018. Drought response in field grown potatoes and interactions between canopy growth and yield. Agricultural Water Management 206: 20-30.

Amelia, A. N., Anwar, S., dan Karno, K. 2023. Pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) akibat aplikasi giberelin dan paclobutrazol di Dataran Medium. Agroeco Science Journal 2(1): 1-8.

Anam, C., R. Uchyani, and E. Widiyanti. 2020. Peningkatan daya saing keripik melalui perajang slice kentang dan desain kemasan di Sumberejo, Ngablak, Magelang, Journal of Community Empowering and Services, 4(1)

Anggraini, N., E. Faridah, dan S. Indrioko. 2015. Pengaruh cekaman kekeringan terhadap perilaku fisiologis dan pertumbuhan bibit black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 9(1):40-56

Anithakumari, A. M., K. N. Nataraja, R. G. Visser, and C. G. Van Der Linden. 2012. Genetic dissection of drought tolerance and recovery potential by quantitative trait locus mapping of a diploid potato population. Molecular Breeding 30(3): 1413-1429.

Antriyandati, E., P. W. Mahastian, A. Agustono, R. A. Maulana, dan D. H. Laia. 2023. Inovasi manajemen pengairan pada usahatani lahan kering di Kawasan Karst Girisubo Gunungkidul dengan teknik irigasi tetes. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan. Vol dan hal.

Astawan, M. 2004. Sehat Bersama Aneka Serat Pangan Alami. Cetakan I. Penerbit Tiga Serangkai, Solo.

Atkin, O. K., dan D. Macherel. 2009. The cruscial role of plant mitochondria in orchestrating drought tolerance. Annals of Botany 103: 581–597.

Bänziger, M., G.O. Edmeades, D. Beck, and M. Bellon. 2000. Breeding for Drought and Nitrogen Stress Tolerance in Maize From Theory to Practice. Mexico, CIMMYT.

Basri, J. H., M Nur, M. N., Warnita, W., Hapsoh, H., Ulpah, S., Mardaleni, M., Hermansah, H. (2024). Pertanian Berkelanjutan.

Basuki, R. S., dan Kusmana, K. 2005. Evaluasi Daya Hasil 7 Genotip Kentang pada Lahan Kering Bekas Sawah Dataran Tinggi Ciwidey. Jurnal Hortikultura, 15(4), 136768.

Benítez, T., A. M. Rincón, M.C. Limón, and A. C. Codon 2004. Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma strains. International microbiology 7(4):249-260.

Blum A. 2002. Drought tolerance - is it a complex trait? Field screening for drought tolerance in crop plants with emphasis on rice. In ‘Field screening for drought tolerance in crop plants with emphasis on rice. International Workshop on Field Screening for Drought Tolerance in Rice’. (Eds. N.P. Saxena and J.C. O’Toole) ICRISAT, Patancheru, India, pp. 17–22.

BPS. 2024. Produksi Tanaman Sayuran, 2021-2023 https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/NjEjMg==/produksi-tanaman-sayuran.html.

Cahyani, N. A., Y. Hasanah, and S. Sarifuddin. 2022. Increased production of true shallot seed with applications of paclobutrazol and salicylic acid on drought conditions. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian 9(1): 181-196.

Djufry, F. 2015. Kajian adaptasi varietas unggul kentang tropika produksi tinggi dan tahan penyakit di kabupaten bantaeng sulawesi selatan. Jurnal Agrotan, 1(2): 19-32.

Duriat, A. S., O. S. Gunawan, dan N. Gunaeni. 2006. Penerapan Teknologi PHT pada Tanaman Kentang. Penerbit Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran.

Efendi, R., dan M Azrai. 2010. Tanggap genotipe jagung terhadap cekaman kekeringan: Peranan akar. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, 29(1):1-10.

Embiale A, Hussein M, Husen A, Sahile S, Mohammed K. 2016. Differential sensitivity of Pisum sativum L. cultivars to water-deficit stress: changes in growth, water status, chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange attributes. Journal of Agronomy 15(2): 45-57.

FAO. 2015. Climate change and food security: risks and responses. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5188e.pdf

Farooq, M., A. Wahid, and D.J. Lee 2009. Exogenously applied polyamines increase drought tolerance of rice by improving leaf water status, photosynthesis and membrane properties. Acta Physiol Plant 31(5): 937–945

Farooq, M., A. Wahid, N. Kobayashi, D. Fujita, and S. M. A. Basra. 2017. Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 29(1):185-212.

Fatchullah, D. 2017. Pengaruh kerapatan tanaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil benih kentang (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Generasi Satu (G1) varietas granola. Planta Tropika, 5(1):15-22.

Fauzi, W. R., dan E.T. S. Putra, E. 2019. Dampak pemberian kalium dan cekaman kekeringan terhadap serapan hara dan produksi biomassa bibit kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit 27(1):41-56.

Flexas, J., J. Bota, J. Galmes, H. Medrano, and M. Ribas-Carbo. 2006. Keeping a positive carbon balance under adverse conditions: responses of photosynthesis and respiration to water stress. Physiologia Plantarum, 127(3):343-352.

Gigon, A., A. R. Matos, D. Laffray, Y. Zuily-Fodil, and A. T. Pham-Thi. 2004. Effect of drought stress on lipid metabolism in the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype Columbia). Annals of botany 94(3): 345-351.

Gunjal, A. B., and B. R. Glick. 2023. Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) in horticulture. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy. India, 24 Juni 2023.

Handayani, T. P., Kusmana, dan H. Kurniawan. 2018. Respon dan seleksi tanaman kentang terhadap kekeringan. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang

Handayani, T., N. Kusmana, dan H. Kurniawan. 2019. Respon dan seleksi tanaman kentang terhadap kekeringan. Jurnal Hortikultura 28(2):272559.

Harahap, R. H., S. Hasibuan, dan A. Rahman. 2021. Peningkatan produksi tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) varietas dayang sumbi dengan pemberian aspirin dan kompos limbah kubis (Brassica oleraceae). Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 3(1): 86–95.

Hidayat, Y. S., dan Efendi, D. 2014. Karakterisasi morfologi beberapa genotipe kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) yang dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Skripsi. Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Hutasuhut, M. A. 2020. Ekologi Tumbuhan. Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, 3–4,

Ibrahim, E., Z. Ikhsan, E. A. Sidik, S. Ulpah, N. Rosida dan Suherah. 2024. Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT). Penerbit Widina Media Utama.

Ibrahim, M. A. Nuraini, dan D. Widayat. 2015. Pengaruh sitokinin dan paklobutrazol terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil benih kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) G2 kultivar granola dengan sistem nutrient film technique. Jurnal Kultivasi 14 (2): 36 – 41.

Javandira, C., L. Q. Aini, dan A. L. Abadi. 2013. Pengendalian penyakit busuk lunak umbi kentang (Erwinia carotovora) dengan memanfaatkan agens hayati Bacillus subtilis dan Pseudomonas fluorescens. Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman 1(1): 90-97.

Kartika, M. N., dan B. Kurniasih. 2021. Pengaruh Irigasi tetes dan mulsa terhadap pertumbuhan tajuk tanaman tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) di lahan kering Gunungkidul. Vegetalika 10(1):31-43.

Khalimi, M., R. Rismaya, dan S. Sutrisno. 2023. Identification of the Effect of Water Stress on Yield Production and Evaluation of the Nutrient Content of Garut Tubers and Flour. Journal of Global Sustainable Agriculture 4(1):8-14.

Khan, M. I. R., M. Fatma, T. S. Per, N. A. Anjum and N. A. Khan. 2015. Salicylic acid induced abiotic stress tolerance and underlying mechanism in plants. Frontiers in Plant Science 6(462): 1-11.

Kumar, D., B. P. Singh, and P. Kumar. 2011. An overview of the factors affecting sugar content of potatoes. Annals of Applied Biology 158(3): 349-362.

Lawlor, D.W., and W. Tezara. 2009. Causes of decreased photosynthetic rate and metabolic capacity in water-deficient leaf cells: a critical evaluation of mechanisms and integration of processes. Annals of Botany. 103: 543– 549

Lengkong, O. B., Lengkong, E. F., Tiwow, D. F., dan Najoan, J. 2015. Kajian Aplikasi Paclobutrazol dan Beberapa Jenis Pupuk Daun Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) Dataran Menengah. In COCOS 6(11).

Lestantyo, P., dan Y. S. Marandy. 2022. Prediksi Waktu Tanam Kentang Sesuai Curah Hujan Menggunakan Analisis Spasial. Journal of Science Education 2(2): 41-50.

Levy, D., R. E. Veilleux, and D. Levy. 2013. Adaptation of potato to water shortage: Irrigation management and enhancement of tolerance to drought and salinity. American Journal of Potato Research, 90(2):186-206.

Liu, X., Y. Fan, J. Long. R. Wei, R. Kjelgren, C. Gong, and J. Zhao .2012. Effects of soils water and nitrogen availability on photosynthesis and water use efficiency of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings. Journal of Environmental Sciences 25(3):585-595

Maharina, K. E., N. Aini, dan L. Q. Aini. 2017. Kemampuan dua spesies Enterobacter sp. sebagai bakteri pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) pada kondisi cekaman kekeringan. Jurnal Buana Sains 17(1): 85-94.

Maharina, K. E., N. Aini, dan L. Q. Aini. 2017. Kemampuan dua spesies Enterobacter sp. sebagai bakteri pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) pada kondisi cekaman kekeringan. Buana Sains 17 (1): 85-94.

Ma'ruf, A., dan A. Sinaga. 2016. Pengaruh pemanasan global terhadap beberapa tanaman C3 di Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian 12(2).

Mudaningrat, A., B. S. Indriani, N. Istianah, A. Retnoningsih, dan E.S. Rahayu, 2023. Pemanfaatan jenis-jenis syzigium di Indonesia. Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya 10(2):135-156.

Muhibuddin, I. A. 2016. Inovasi Teknologi Pengembangan Kentang di Dataran Medium (Teori dan Pengalaman Empiris. Penerbit Sah Media

Murphy, R., and J. K. Ortega. 1995. A new pressure probe method to determine the average volumetric elastic modulus of cells in plant tissue. Plant Physiology 107(3):995-1005.

Napitupulu, D., A. Rauf, M. Sembiring, dan P. Marbun. 2023. Dinamika populasi mikroba dengan pola tanam yang berbeda pada pertanaman kentang di Kecamatan Merek Kabupaten Karo, Sumatera Utara. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Fakultas Pertanian UNS 7(1) 1311-1317.

Niederhauser, J. S. 1993. International cooperation and the role of the potato in feeding the world. American Potato Journal 70(5): 385-403.

Novitasari, A. 2022. Cekaman Air Dan Kehidupan Tanaman. Universitas Brawijaya Press.

Obidiegwu, J. E., G. J. Bryan, H. G. Jones, and A. Prashar. 2015. Coping with drought: stress and adaptive responses in potato and perspectives for improvement. Frontiers in plant science, 6:542.

Pantouw, C. F., B. W. Hapsari, dan B. R. Hastilestari. 2022. Pengaruh peningkatan suhu pada fase pembentukan umbi tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum) cv. Granola. Jurnal Agro 9(1):147-161.

Pratiwi, L. F. L., dan S. Hardyastuti. 2018. Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan usahatani kentang pada lahan marginal di Kecamatan Kejajar Kabupaten Wonosobo. Agridevina: Berkala Ilmiah Agribisnis 7(1):14-26.

Prihastuti, P. 2011. Struktur komunitas mikroba tanah dan implikasinya dalam mewujudkan sistem pertanian berkelanjutan. El-Hayah: Jurnal Biologi, 1(4).

Purnomo, D., F. N. U. Damanhuri, dan W. Winarno. 2019. Respon pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) terhadap pemberian naungan dan pupuk kieserite di Dataran Medium. Agriprima, Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences 3(2): 67-78.

Purwantisari, S., dan R. B. Hastuti 2009. Uji antagonisme jamur patogen Phytophthora infestans penyebab penyakit busuk daun dan umbi tanaman kentang dengan menggunakan Trichoderma spp. isolat lokal. Bioma 11(1): 24-32.

Rehfeldt, G. E., W. R. Wykoff, and C. C. Ying. 2001. Physiologic plasticity, evolution, and impacts of a changing climate on Pinus contorta. Climatic Change 50(3): 355-376.

Ridwan, R., T. Handayani, dan W. Witjaksono. 2016. Uji toleransi tanaman kentang hitam (Plectranthus rotundifolius (Poir.) Spreng.) hasil radiasi sinar gamma terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Indonesian Journal of Biology 12(1):75532.

Ru, C., X. Hu, D. Chen, W. Wang, and T. Song. 2022. Heat and drought priming induce tolerance to subsequent heat and drought stress by regulating leaf photosynthesis, root morphology, and antioxidant defense in maize seedlings. Environmental and Experimental Botany 202(1):1-16.

Saha, D., P. Choyal, U. N. Mishra, P. Dey, B. Bose, D. Prathibna, N. K. Gupta,B. K Mehta, P. Kumar, S. Pandey, J. Chauhan, and R. K. Singhal. 2022. Drought stress responses and inducing tolerance by seed priming approach in plants. Plant Stress 4(1):1-14.

Sambeka, F., S. D. Runtunuwu, dan J. E. Rogi. 2012. Efektifitas waktu pemberian dan konsentrasi paclobutrazol terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) varietas Supejohn. Eugenia 18(2).

Samidjo, J., dan Y. Suharso. 2017. Memahami pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim. Online Journal of Ivet University 24(2):36-46.

Sarjan, M., M. T. Fauzi, R. S. P. Thei, dan M. Windarningsih. 2020. Pengenalan pestisida nabati dari limbah batang tembakau untuk mengendalikan hama kutu kebul (Bemisia tabaci) pada tanaman kentang. Jurnal Pengabdian Magister Pendidikan IPA 3(2): 129-136.

Septiani, S. M. Multiplikasi tunas kentang kultivar granola pada dua sistem kultur in vitro (Bachelor's thesis, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta).

Shock, C. C., E. B. Feibert, and L. D. Saunders. 2013. Irrigation management for potatoes. American Journal of Potato Research 90(1): 29-46.

Shohani, F., A. Fazeli, and S.H. Sarghein, 2023. The effect of silicon application and salicylic acid on enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions of Scrophularia striata L. Under Drought Stress. Scientia Horticulture 319(1): 1-11.

Sitompul, B.B., dan H. T. Sebayang. 2020. Keanekaragaman gulma pada kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) akibat pengaruh pengendalian gulma. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman 8(1):1-7.

Soltys-Kalina, D., J. Plich, D. Strzelczyk-?yta, J. ?liwka, and W. Marczewski, 2016. The effect of drought stress on the leaf relative water content and tuber yield of a half-sib family of ‘Katahdin’-derived potato cultivars. Breeding science 66(2): 328-331..

Soumya, P. R., P. Kumar, and M. Pal. 2017. Paclobutrazol : a novel plant growth regulator and multi-stress ameliorant. Ind J Plant Physiol 22(3): 267-278.

Subantoro, R. 2014. Pengaruh cekaman kekeringan terhadap respons fisiologis perkecambahan benih kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.). Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Pertanian 10(2): 32-44.

Suharti, Gusmalawati, dan D. Mukarlina. 2017. Struktur anatomi akar, batang dan daun Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.) yang mengalami cekaman kekeringan. Jurnal Protobiont 6(2): 38-44

Taiwo, A. F., O. Daramola, M. Sow, and V. K. Semwal. 2020. Ecophysiology and responses of plants under drought. Plant Ecophysiology and Adaptation under Climate Change: Mechanisms and Perspectives I: General Consequences and Plant Responses, 231-268.

Taiz L, Zeiger E. 1998. Plant Physiology. 1st Edn. Massachusetts. London: Sinauer Association Inc.

Tantawi, A. R. 2016. Pengembangan Kentang di Dataran medium Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Produksi Kentang Nasional.

Tuberosa, R. 2012. Phenotyping for drought tolerance of crops in the genomics era. Frontiers in Physiology 3:347.

Van Loon, C. D. (2016). The effect of water stress on potato growth

Verslues, P. E., M. Agarwal, S. Katiyar?Agarwal, J. Zhu, and J. K. Zhu. 2006. Methods and concepts in quantifying resistance to drought, salt and freezing, abiotic stresses that affect plant water status. The Plant Journal 45(4): 523-539.

Wahyuni, S. 2014. Dampak Penggunaan Jarak Tanam dan Ukuran Umbi Terhadap Hasil Umbi Kentang. Agrijati Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian, 26(1).

Wang, X., M. Shi, R. Zhang, Y. Wang, W. Zhang, S. Qin, and Y. Kang. 2024. Dynamics of physiological and biochemical effects of heat, drought and combined stress on potato seedlings. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, 11(1):109.

Witman, S. 2021. Penerapan metode irigasi tetes guna mendukung efisiensi penggunaan air di lahan kering. Jurnal Triton 12 (1):20–28.

Yin, J., Y. Yang, R. Eeswaran, Z. Yang, Z. Ma, and F. Sun. 2023. Irrigation scheduling for potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) under drip irrigation in an arid region using AquaCrop model. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14.

Yordanov, I., V. Velikova, and T. Tsonev. 2003. Plant responses to drought and stress tolerance. Bulg. J. Plant Physiol Issue 2003: 187-206.Yuniati, N., J. S. Hamdani, dan M. A. Soleh, 2020. Respons fisiologis tanaman kentang terhadap jenis zat pengatur tumbuh pada berbagai kondisi cekaman kekeringan di dataran medium. Jurnal Kultivasi 19(1).

Yuniati, N., J. S. Hamdani, dan M.A. Soleh 2020. Respons tanaman kentang terhadap jenis zat pengatur tumbuh pada berbagai kondisi cekaman kekeringan di dataran medium. Jurnal Agrikultura 3 (2):97-101.

Zhang J, Nguyen HT, Blum A. 1999. Genetic analysis of osmotic adjustment in crop plants. Journal of Experimental Botany. 50: 291–302.

Zhang, X., R. Xing, Y. Ding, J. Yu, R. Wang, X. Li, Z. Yang, and L. Zhuang. 2023. Overexpression of Gibberellin 2-Oxidase 4 from Tall Fescue Affected Plant Height, Tillering, and Drought Tolerance in Rice. Environmental and Experimental Botany 205(1):1-11.