PENGARUH INSTAGRAM DAN NEUROTICISM TERHADAP PEMBELIAN IMPULSIF GENERASI JUNIOR MILLENNIAL MELALUI MEDIASI SELF ESTEEM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32663/crmj.v5i2.3128Keywords:
Instagram, Neuroticism, Self Esteem, Impulsive BuyingAbstract
The purpose of this study is to find out the psychology of the millennial junior generation in several big cities in Indonesia who are intensely using Instagram and have an impact on their impulse buying. This study uses quantitative methods. The analytical technique used is SEM (Structural Equation Model) with LISREL software. A total of 390 junior millennial respondents (born 1991-1998) filled out an online questionnaire using a google form. The results showed that instagram had an insignificant direct effect on impulse buying. However, Instagram has a significant indirect effect through self-esteem on impulse buying. Neuroticism has the greatest influence on the impulse buying of millennial juniors. Based on the calculation of the indirect effect, it can be seen that self-esteem in this study is fully mediated for the instagram and neuroticism variables. Thus it can be concluded that Instagram has an important role in the psychological formation of the millennial junior generation. The intensity of excessive use of Instagram can lower self-esteem so that they compensate for these feelings through impulse buying. The limitation in this study is that it only uses one personality characteristic of the five existing personalities. The contribution of this research is to strengthen Murk (2006) self-esteem theory as a development of Rosenberg's (1989) theory. In addition, the results of this study can also be a recommendation for online business people who aggressively advertise their products through Instagram in order to choose the right marketing strategy.
References
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Amirazodi, Fatemeh., & Maryam, A. (2011). Personality traits and Self-esteem. International Conference on Education and Educational Psychology.
Aragoncillo, L., & Orus, C. (2017). Impulse Buying Behaviour: An Online-Offline Comparative and The Impact of Social Media. Spanish Journal of Marketing-ESIC, 22, 42–62. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-03-2018-007
Atmoko, B.D. (2012). Instagram Handbook Tips Fotografi Ponsel (M. Kita (ed.)).
Bansal, M., & Kumar, S. (2018). Impact of Social Media Marketing on Online Impulse Buying Behaviour. Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education, 15(5).
Bosnjak, M., Galesic, M., Tuten, T. (2007). Personality determinants of online shopping: Explaining online purchase intentions using a hierarchical approach. Journal of Business Research, 60, 597–605.
Chen, T. (2008). Impulse Purchase Varied by Products and Marketing Channels. Journal of Management Studies, 154–161.
Chen, W., & Lee, K. H. (2013). Sharing, liking, commenting, and distressed? the pathway between Facebook interaction and psychological distress. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(10), 728–734. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0272
Costa , P.T, Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1986). Personality stability and its implications for Clinical Psychology. Clinical Psychology Review, 6, 407–423. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7358(86)90029-2
Cramer, Emily M., Song, Hayeon., & Drent, A. M. (2016). Social comparison on Facebook: Motivation, affective consequences, self-esteem, and Facebook fatigue. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 739–746.
Dittmar, H., & Drury, J. (2000). Self-image ± is it in the bag?? A qualitative comparison between `` ordinary ’ ’ and `` excessive ’ ’ consumers. 21, 109–142.
Djafarova, Elmira., & Trofimenko, O. (2017). Exploring the relationships between self-presentation and self-esteemm of mothers in social media in Russia. Journal Homepage, 73, 20–27.
Dobre, C., & Ciuta, A. M. M. (2015). Personality Influences on Online Stores Customers Behavior (ECOFORUM (ed.)). ECOFORUM.
Donthu, N. , Garcia, A. (1999). The Internet shopper. Journal of Advertising Research, 39, 52–58.
Epstein, S. (1985). The Implications of Cognitive-experiential Self-theory for Research in Social Psychology and Personality. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 21–8308. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.1985.tb00057.xMediator
Erdle, Stephen., Gosling, Samuel D., Potter, J. (2009). Does self esteem account for the higher order factors of the Big Five?? Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 921–922.
Farid, D.S., & Ali, M. (2018). Effects of Personality on Impulsive Buying Behavior: Evidence from a Developing Country. Marketing and Branding Research, 5, 31–43.
Gangadharbatla, H. (2011). Motivations for Social Networking Site Adoption (IGI Global (ed.)). IGI Global.
Goldberg, L. R., & Rosolack, T. K. (1994). The Big Five factor structure as an integrative framework: An empirical comparison with Eysenck’s PEN model (In C. F. Halverson (ed.)). In C. F. Halverson.
Hanley, A., & Wilhelm, M. S. (1992). Compulsive buying: an exploration into self-esteem and money attitudes. Journal of Economic Psychology, 5–18.
Hoch, S. J. & Loewenstein, G. F. (1991). Time-Inconsistent Preferences and Consumer Self-Control. Journal of Consumer Research, 17, 492–507.
IDN Research Institute. (2018). IDN Research Institute. In Indonnesia Millennial Report 2019.
Iyer, E. S. (1989). Unplanned purchasing: knowledge of shopping environment and time pressure. Journal of Retailing, 65, 40–57.
Jan, M., Soomro, S. A., & Ahmad, N. (2017). Impact of Social Media on Self-Esteem. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 13(23), 329. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n23p329
Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003
Kennedy, F. B. (2015). THE EFFECT OF PERSONALITY ON IMPULSIVE AND COMPULSIVE BUYING BEHAVIOUR. 10–12.
Khare, A., & Sadachar, A. (2014). Journal of International Consumer Marketing Collective Self-Esteem and Online Shopping Attitudes among College Students?: Comparison between the U . S . Collective Self-Esteem and Online Shopping Attitudes among College Students?: Comparison between the U. April 2015, 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/08961530.2014.878203
Kitano, H. H. L. (1989). Alcohol and Drug Use and Self-Esteem: A Sociocultural Perspective. https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft6c6006v5%7B&%7Dchunk.id=d0e10896%7B&%7Dtoc.id=d0e10896%7B&%7Dbrand=ucpress
Kothari, H., & Mallik, G. (2015). The Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Self-Esteem on the Compulsive and Non-Compulsive Buyers in NCR. Journal of Business Management {&} Social Sciences Research (JBM{&}SSR), 4.
Laroche, M., Habibi, M. R., Richard, M. O., & Sankaranarayanan, R. (2012). The effects of social media based brand communities on brand community markers, value creation practices, brand trust and brand loyalty. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 1755–1767. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.04.016.
Leary, M. R., & MacDonald, G. (2003). Individual differences in self-esteem: A review and theoretical integration. In M. R. Leary {&} J. P. Tangney (Eds.). In Guilford (Ed.), Handbook of self and identity (pp. 401–418). Guilford.
Lin, P., & Lin, Z. (2013). Buying impulse triggered by digital media. December 2014, 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2013.719887
Mansumitrchai, Somkiat., Hui-Park, Choo., & Chiu, C. L. (2012). Factors Underlying the Adoption of Social Network: A Study of Facebook Users in South Korea. International Journal of Business and Management, 7 No. 24.
Mathai, S.T., & Haridas, R. (2014). Personality - Its Impact on Impulse Buying Behaviour among The Retail Customers in Kochin City. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 16(4), 48–55.
Moreno, F.M., Lafuente, J.G., Carreon, F.A., & Moreno, S. M. (2017). The Characterization of the Millennials and Their Buying Behavior. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 9.
Mowen, J. C. (2000). The 3M Model of motivation and personality theory and empirical applications to consumer behavior. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Muda, M., Mohd, R., & Hassan, S. (2016). Online Purchase Behavior of Generation Y in Malaysia. Procedia Economics and Finance, 292–298. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)30127-7
Murk, C. J. (2006). Self Esteem Research, Theory, and Practice (3rd ed.). http://lib1.org/%7B_%7Dads/81B48DCF8C3D45DAECF8A340DA1A617F
Nayebzadeh, S. and Jalaly, M. (2014). Investigating Iranian Female Muslim Consumer Impulse Buying Behaviour Used as A Form of Retail Therapy. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 5(2), 302–320.
Nyagah, V. W., Stephen, A., & Muema, J. (2015). Social Networking Sites and Their Influence on the Self Esteem of Adolescents in Embu County , Kenya. 2(January), 87–92.
O’guinn, Thomas C., & Faber, R. J. (1989). Compulsive Buying: A Phenomenological Exploration. Journal of Consumer Research, 16.
Pantic, I. (2014). Online social networking and mental health. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 10(10), 1–6.
Robins, R. W., Tracy, J. L., Trzesniewski, K., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2001). Personality Correlates of Self-Esteem. 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.2001.2324
Rook, D. W., & Fisher, R. J. (1995). Normative Behavior Influences on Impulsive Buying Trait Aspects of Buying Impulsiveness. Journal of Consumer Research, 22(3), 305–313. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/209452
Rook, D. W. (1987). The Buying Impulse. Journal of Consumer Research, 14(2), 189–199. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/209105
Rosenberg, M., & Owens, T. J. (2001). Low self-esteem people. In T. J. Owens, S. Sheldon, {&} N. Goodman.
Rosenberg, M., & Owens, T. J. (2018). 18 Low Self-Esteem People A Collective Portrait.
Rosenberg, M., Schooler, C., & Schoenbach, C. (1989). Self-Esteem and Adolescent Problems: Modeling Reciprocal Effects. American Sociological Review, 54(6), 1004. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095720
Schiffman, L. G. K. L. (2008). Consumer Behavior. Prentice Hall.
Schwartz, S. G. (2012). Does Facebook Influence Well-Being and Self-Esteem Among Early Adolescents?. Master of Social Work Clinical Research Papers. http://sophia.stkate.edu/msw%7B_%7Dpapers/91
Shahjehan, A., Andleeb, J., Zeb, F., & Saifullah, K. (2012). The effect of personality on impulsive and compulsive buying behaviors. 6(6), 2187–2194. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.2275
Sneath, J. Z., Lacey, R., & Kennett-Hensel, P. A. (2009). Coping with A Natural Disaster: Losses, Emotions, and Impulsive and Compulsive Buying. Marketing Letters, 20(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-008-9049-y
Sofi, S. A., & Nika, F. A. (2017). The Role of Personality in Impulse Buying Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1177/2278682116674079
Stern, H. (1962). The Signficance of Buying Impulse Today. Journal of Maketing, 26(2), 59–62.
Sudha, S., & Bharati, K. (2018). Role of Social Media influence on Customers Impulsive Buying Behaviour towards Apparel. International Journal of Supply Chain Management IJSCM.
Swickert, R., Hittner, J. B., & Kitos, N. (2004). Direct or indirect , that is the question?: a re-evaluation of extraversion ’ s influence on self-esteem. 36, 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00080-1
Tsao, W.C., & Chang, H. R. (2010). Exploring the impact of personality traits on online shopping behavior. African Journal of Business Management, 4(9), 1800–1812.
Turban, E., Straus, J., & Lai, L. (2016). Social Commerce (Marketing, Technology and Management). Springer.
Udo-imeh, P. T. (2015). Influence of Personality on the Buying Behaviour of Undergraduate Students in Universities in Cross River State , Nigeria. 7(4), 64–77. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v7n4p64
Verplanken, B., & Herabadi, A. (2001). Individual Differences in Impulse Buying Tendency: Feeling and No Thinking. European Journal of Personality. https://doi.org/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/per.423/full
Vinerean, A. (2013). The Influence of Hedonic and Utilitarian Motivators on Likelihood to Buy a Tourism Package. Expert Journal of Marketing, 1(1), 28–37.
Vogel, Erin A., Rose, Jason P., Roberts, Lindsay R., Eckles, K. (2014). Social Comparison, Social Media, and Self-Esteem. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 3 No 4, 206–222.
Watson, David., Suls, Jerry., Haig, J. (2002). Global Self Esteem in Relation to Structural Models of Personality and Affectivity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(1), 185–197
Weinberg, P., & Gottwald, W. (1982). Impulsive consumer buying as a result of emotions. Journal of Business Research, 10 (1), 43–57. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(82)90016-9
Wilcox, Keith., & Stephen, A. T. (2013). Are Close Friends the Enemy? Online Social Networks, Self-Esteem, and Self-Control. Forthcoming in the Journal of Consumer Research.
Xiang, L., Zheng, Z., Lee, M.K.O., & Zhao, D. (2016). Exploring Consumers’ Impulse Buying Behavior on Social Commerceplatform: The Role of Parasocial Interaction. International Journal of Information Management, 36, 333–347. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.11.002
Youn, S., & Faber, R. J. (2000). mpulse buying: Its relation to personality traits and cues. Advances in Consumer Research, 27 (1), 179–185.
Amirazodi, Fatemeh., & Maryam, A. (2011). Personality traits and Self-esteem. International Conference on Education and Educational Psychology.
Aragoncillo, L., & Orus, C. (2017). Impulse Buying Behaviour: An Online-Offline Comparative and The Impact of Social Media. Spanish Journal of Marketing-ESIC, 22, 42–62. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-03-2018-007
Atmoko, B.D. (2012). Instagram Handbook Tips Fotografi Ponsel (M. Kita (ed.)).
Bansal, M., & Kumar, S. (2018). Impact of Social Media Marketing on Online Impulse Buying Behaviour. Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education, 15(5).
Bosnjak, M., Galesic, M., Tuten, T. (2007). Personality determinants of online shopping: Explaining online purchase intentions using a hierarchical approach. Journal of Business Research, 60, 597–605.
Chen, T. (2008). Impulse Purchase Varied by Products and Marketing Channels. Journal of Management Studies, 154–161.
Chen, W., & Lee, K. H. (2013). Sharing, liking, commenting, and distressed? the pathway between Facebook interaction and psychological distress. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(10), 728–734. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0272
Costa , P.T, Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1986). Personality stability and its implications for Clinical Psychology. Clinical Psychology Review, 6, 407–423. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7358(86)90029-2
Cramer, Emily M., Song, Hayeon., & Drent, A. M. (2016). Social comparison on Facebook: Motivation, affective consequences, self-esteem, and Facebook fatigue. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 739–746.
Dittmar, H., & Drury, J. (2000). Self-image ± is it in the bag?? A qualitative comparison between `` ordinary ’ ’ and `` excessive ’ ’ consumers. 21, 109–142.
Djafarova, Elmira., & Trofimenko, O. (2017). Exploring the relationships between self-presentation and self-esteemm of mothers in social media in Russia. Journal Homepage, 73, 20–27.
Dobre, C., & Ciuta, A. M. M. (2015). Personality Influences on Online Stores Customers Behavior (ECOFORUM (ed.)). ECOFORUM.
Donthu, N. , Garcia, A. (1999). The Internet shopper. Journal of Advertising Research, 39, 52–58.
Epstein, S. (1985). The Implications of Cognitive-experiential Self-theory for Research in Social Psychology and Personality. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 21–8308. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.1985.tb00057.xMediator
Erdle, Stephen., Gosling, Samuel D., Potter, J. (2009). Does self esteem account for the higher order factors of the Big Five?? Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 921–922.
Farid, D.S., & Ali, M. (2018). Effects of Personality on Impulsive Buying Behavior: Evidence from a Developing Country. Marketing and Branding Research, 5, 31–43.
Gangadharbatla, H. (2011). Motivations for Social Networking Site Adoption (IGI Global (ed.)). IGI Global.
Goldberg, L. R., & Rosolack, T. K. (1994). The Big Five factor structure as an integrative framework: An empirical comparison with Eysenck’s PEN model (In C. F. Halverson (ed.)). In C. F. Halverson.
Hanley, A., & Wilhelm, M. S. (1992). Compulsive buying: an exploration into self-esteem and money attitudes. Journal of Economic Psychology, 5–18.
Hoch, S. J. & Loewenstein, G. F. (1991). Time-Inconsistent Preferences and Consumer Self-Control. Journal of Consumer Research, 17, 492–507.
IDN Research Institute. (2018). IDN Research Institute. In Indonnesia Millennial Report 2019.
Iyer, E. S. (1989). Unplanned purchasing: knowledge of shopping environment and time pressure. Journal of Retailing, 65, 40–57.
Jan, M., Soomro, S. A., & Ahmad, N. (2017). Impact of Social Media on Self-Esteem. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 13(23), 329. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n23p329
Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003
Kennedy, F. B. (2015). THE EFFECT OF PERSONALITY ON IMPULSIVE AND COMPULSIVE BUYING BEHAVIOUR. 10–12.
Khare, A., & Sadachar, A. (2014). Journal of International Consumer Marketing Collective Self-Esteem and Online Shopping Attitudes among College Students?: Comparison between the U . S . Collective Self-Esteem and Online Shopping Attitudes among College Students?: Comparison between the U. April 2015, 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/08961530.2014.878203
Kitano, H. H. L. (1989). Alcohol and Drug Use and Self-Esteem: A Sociocultural Perspective. https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft6c6006v5%7B&%7Dchunk.id=d0e10896%7B&%7Dtoc.id=d0e10896%7B&%7Dbrand=ucpress
Kothari, H., & Mallik, G. (2015). The Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Self-Esteem on the Compulsive and Non-Compulsive Buyers in NCR. Journal of Business Management {&} Social Sciences Research (JBM{&}SSR), 4.
Laroche, M., Habibi, M. R., Richard, M. O., & Sankaranarayanan, R. (2012). The effects of social media based brand communities on brand community markers, value creation practices, brand trust and brand loyalty. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 1755–1767. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.04.016.
Leary, M. R., & MacDonald, G. (2003). Individual differences in self-esteem: A review and theoretical integration. In M. R. Leary {&} J. P. Tangney (Eds.). In Guilford (Ed.), Handbook of self and identity (pp. 401–418). Guilford.
Lin, P., & Lin, Z. (2013). Buying impulse triggered by digital media. December 2014, 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2013.719887
Mansumitrchai, Somkiat., Hui-Park, Choo., & Chiu, C. L. (2012). Factors Underlying the Adoption of Social Network: A Study of Facebook Users in South Korea. International Journal of Business and Management, 7 No. 24.
Mathai, S.T., & Haridas, R. (2014). Personality - Its Impact on Impulse Buying Behaviour among The Retail Customers in Kochin City. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 16(4), 48–55.
Moreno, F.M., Lafuente, J.G., Carreon, F.A., & Moreno, S. M. (2017). The Characterization of the Millennials and Their Buying Behavior. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 9.
Mowen, J. C. (2000). The 3M Model of motivation and personality theory and empirical applications to consumer behavior. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Muda, M., Mohd, R., & Hassan, S. (2016). Online Purchase Behavior of Generation Y in Malaysia. Procedia Economics and Finance, 292–298. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)30127-7
Murk, C. J. (2006). Self Esteem Research, Theory, and Practice (3rd ed.). http://lib1.org/%7B_%7Dads/81B48DCF8C3D45DAECF8A340DA1A617F
Nayebzadeh, S. and Jalaly, M. (2014). Investigating Iranian Female Muslim Consumer Impulse Buying Behaviour Used as A Form of Retail Therapy. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 5(2), 302–320.
Nyagah, V. W., Stephen, A., & Muema, J. (2015). Social Networking Sites and Their Influence on the Self Esteem of Adolescents in Embu County , Kenya. 2(January), 87–92.
O’guinn, Thomas C., & Faber, R. J. (1989). Compulsive Buying: A Phenomenological Exploration. Journal of Consumer Research, 16.
Pantic, I. (2014). Online social networking and mental health. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 10(10), 1–6.
Robins, R. W., Tracy, J. L., Trzesniewski, K., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2001). Personality Correlates of Self-Esteem. 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.2001.2324
Rook, D. W., & Fisher, R. J. (1995). Normative Behavior Influences on Impulsive Buying Trait Aspects of Buying Impulsiveness. Journal of Consumer Research, 22(3), 305–313. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/209452
Rook, D. W. (1987). The Buying Impulse. Journal of Consumer Research, 14(2), 189–199. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/209105
Rosenberg, M., & Owens, T. J. (2001). Low self-esteem people. In T. J. Owens, S. Sheldon, {&} N. Goodman.
Rosenberg, M., & Owens, T. J. (2018). 18 Low Self-Esteem People A Collective Portrait.
Rosenberg, M., Schooler, C., & Schoenbach, C. (1989). Self-Esteem and Adolescent Problems: Modeling Reciprocal Effects. American Sociological Review, 54(6), 1004. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095720
Schiffman, L. G. K. L. (2008). Consumer Behavior. Prentice Hall.
Schwartz, S. G. (2012). Does Facebook Influence Well-Being and Self-Esteem Among Early Adolescents?. Master of Social Work Clinical Research Papers. http://sophia.stkate.edu/msw%7B_%7Dpapers/91
Shahjehan, A., Andleeb, J., Zeb, F., & Saifullah, K. (2012). The effect of personality on impulsive and compulsive buying behaviors. 6(6), 2187–2194. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.2275
Sneath, J. Z., Lacey, R., & Kennett-Hensel, P. A. (2009). Coping with A Natural Disaster: Losses, Emotions, and Impulsive and Compulsive Buying. Marketing Letters, 20(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-008-9049-y
Sofi, S. A., & Nika, F. A. (2017). The Role of Personality in Impulse Buying Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1177/2278682116674079
Stern, H. (1962). The Signficance of Buying Impulse Today. Journal of Maketing, 26(2), 59–62.
Sudha, S., & Bharati, K. (2018). Role of Social Media influence on Customers Impulsive Buying Behaviour towards Apparel. International Journal of Supply Chain Management IJSCM.
Swickert, R., Hittner, J. B., & Kitos, N. (2004). Direct or indirect , that is the question?: a re-evaluation of extraversion ’ s influence on self-esteem. 36, 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00080-1
Tsao, W.C., & Chang, H. R. (2010). Exploring the impact of personality traits on online shopping behavior. African Journal of Business Management, 4(9), 1800–1812.
Turban, E., Straus, J., & Lai, L. (2016). Social Commerce (Marketing, Technology and Management). Springer.
Udo-imeh, P. T. (2015). Influence of Personality on the Buying Behaviour of Undergraduate Students in Universities in Cross River State , Nigeria. 7(4), 64–77. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v7n4p64
Verplanken, B., & Herabadi, A. (2001). Individual Differences in Impulse Buying Tendency: Feeling and No Thinking. European Journal of Personality. https://doi.org/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/per.423/full
Vinerean, A. (2013). The Influence of Hedonic and Utilitarian Motivators on Likelihood to Buy a Tourism Package. Expert Journal of Marketing, 1(1), 28–37.
Vogel, Erin A., Rose, Jason P., Roberts, Lindsay R., Eckles, K. (2014). Social Comparison, Social Media, and Self-Esteem. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 3 No 4, 206–222.
Watson, David., Suls, Jerry., Haig, J. (2002). Global Self Esteem in Relation to Structural Models of Personality and Affectivity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(1), 185–197
Weinberg, P., & Gottwald, W. (1982). Impulsive consumer buying as a result of emotions. Journal of Business Research, 10 (1), 43–57. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(82)90016-9
Wilcox, Keith., & Stephen, A. T. (2013). Are Close Friends the Enemy? Online Social Networks, Self-Esteem, and Self-Control. Forthcoming in the Journal of Consumer Research.
Xiang, L., Zheng, Z., Lee, M.K.O., & Zhao, D. (2016). Exploring Consumers’ Impulse Buying Behavior on Social Commerceplatform: The Role of Parasocial Interaction. International Journal of Information Management, 36, 333–347. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.11.002
Youn, S., & Faber, R. J. (2000). mpulse buying: Its relation to personality traits and cues. Advances in Consumer Research, 27 (1), 179–185.
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2022-12-24
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