Effects of coffee management on Bee Floral Diversity, Honey Yield and Quality: The Case of Gera District, Jimma Zone, South West Ethiopia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32663/ba.v1i2.1163Keywords:
Forest-coffee, Semi forest coffee, coffee management, bee flora diversity, honey yield, honey qualityAbstract
This study was conducted to assess the effect of forest management for coffee cultivation on bee flora diversity, honey yield and quality as forest crop products in Gera district. Forest coffee (FC) and Semi-forest coffee (SFC) plots were selected for bee flora assessment. Total of 34 plots (FC = 17, SFC = 17) with plot size 20 m x 20 m (400 m2) were assessed. Sixty bee flora species belonging to trees (30), shrubs (21) and woody lianas (9) were identified and compared across plots. Results show that more bee flora diversity in FC (2.03) than SFC (1.09) system. Honey yield data was collected from 78 (FC = 52, SFC = 26) beekeepers. The honey yield of FC was higher than SFC system in both high and low production years. The honey production on average was 9.58 kg hive-1 for FC and 6.44 kg hive-1 for SFC in high production year while 6.5 kg hive-1 for FC and 4.24 kg hive-1 for SFC in low production year. To assess the honey quality, 6 kg honey samples (FC = 3, SFC = 3) were collected. Six honey quality parameters i.e. moisture, ash, pH, free acidity, electrical conductivity (EC) and total soluble solid (TSS) contents. The biochemical variation in the composition is significantly different (P<0.05) in ash content, pH, EC and free acidity when comparing FC with SFC honey samples while the percentage of moisture and TSS contents were insignificant (p>0.05). The study revealed that coffee management is associated with a decline in bee flora diversity, honey yields and on top of this, it has implications on honey quality deteriorations. Thus, there is an urgent need for control and monitoring on the expansion of SFC cultivation, which needs immediate conservation measures. Therefore, conservationists have to take actions for biodiversity conservation specially bee flora species diversity and ecosystem services that accompanied with coffee management and FC intensifications.
References
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Jaccard, P. (1912). The Distribution of the Flora in the Alpine Zone. New Phytologist, 11(2), 37–50.
JICA. (2005). Report of the terminal evaluation on the Japanese technical cooperation for the participatory forest management project in Belete-Gera regional forest priority area phase 1 in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.
Kilawe, E., & Habimana, D. (2016). Forestry Contribution to National Economy and Trade in Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda. Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations.
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MEFCC. (2018). National Forest Sector Development Program, Ethiopia Volume II: Program Pillars, Action Areas and Targets: Vol. II.
Mitiku, F., Nyssen, J., & Maertens, M. (2018). Can Coffee Certification Promote Land-sharing and Protect Forest in Ethiopia?? 1–28.
Mohammed, A., & Bekele, L. (2014). Changes in Carbon Stocks and Sequestration Potential under Native Forest and Adjacent Land use Systems at Gera, South-Western Ethiopia. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: D Agriculture and Veterinary, 14(10), 1–11.
Muli, E., Munguti, A., & Raina, S. K. (2007). Quality of honey harvested and processed using traditional methods in rural areas of Kenya. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 76(2), 315–320.
QSAE. (2005). Honey specification: Ethiopian standard, ES 1202: 2005. Quality and Standards Authority of Ethiopia.
Senbeta, F., & Denich, M. (2006). Effects of wild coffee management on species diversity in the Afromontane rainforests of Ethiopia. Forest Ecology and Management, 232(1–3), 68–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.064
Senbeta, F., Gole, T. W., Denich, M., & Kellbessa, E. (2013). Diversity of Useful Plants in the Coffee Forests of Ethiopia. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 11, 049–069.
Sereia, M. J., Alves, E. M., Toledo, V. A. A., Marchini, L. C., Serine, E. S., Faquinello, P., de Almeida, D., & Moreti, A. C. C. C. (2011). Physicochemical characteristics and pollen spectra of organic and non-organic honey samples of Apis mellifera L. Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 83(3), 1077–1090.
Shahnawaz, M., Sheikh, S. A., Hussain, M., Razaq, A., & Khan, S. S. (2013). A study on the determination of physicochemical properties of honey from different valleys of Gilgit-Baltistan. International Journal of Agricultural Science Research, 2(2), 49–053.
Silva, A. D. S., Alves, C. N., Fernandes, K. D. G., & Müller, R. C. S. (2013). Classification of honeys from Pará State (Amazon Region, Brazil) produced by three different species of bees using chemometric methods. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 24(7), 1135–1145.
Silva, L. R., Videira, R., Monteiro, A. P., Valentão, P., & Andrade, P. B. (2009). Honey from Luso region (Portugal): Physicochemical characteristics and mineral contents. Microchemical Journal, 93(1), 73–77.
Tadesse, G., Zavaleta, E., Shennan, C., & FitzSimmons, M. (2014). Prospects for forest-based ecosystem services in forest-coffee mosaics as forest loss continues in southwestern Ethiopia. Applied Geography, 50, 144–151.
Tulu, S., Berecha, G., Dereje, A., Gurmessa, B., Tesfaye, W., Shiferawu, M., & Abidissa, T. (2014). Participatory rural appraisal report: GERA Woreda, West Oromia Region.
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Yadata, D. (2014). Detection of the Electrical Conductivity and Acidity of Honey from Different Areas of Tepi. Food Science and Technology, 2(5), 59–63.
Zewde, B. (1998). Forests and Forest Management in Wällo in Historical Perspective. Journal of Ethiopian Studies, 31(1), 87–121.
Alemu, A. (2012). Narrating local identity among the Southwestern Oromo of Ethiopia?: Case of the Jimma and Gera. African Study Monographs, 33(1), 17–47.
Amado, B. B. (2015). Floristic Composition and Vegetation Structure of Gera Moist Afromontane Forest, of Oromia Regional State, Southwest Ethiopia. Addis Ababa Universty.
Arcot, J., & Brand-Miller, J. (2005). A Preliminary Assessment of the Glycemic Index of Honey. http://www.rirdc.gov.au
Areda, B. T. (2015). Honeybee production and honey quality assessment in Guji Zone, Ethiopia. Journal of Food Processing and Technology, 6(11), 512.
Ayalew, K. (2008). Establishment of apiculture data base in Ethiopia.
Bareke, T., & Addi, A. (2019). Bee flora resources and honey production calendar of Gera Forest in Ethiopia. Asian Journal of Forestry, 3(2), 69–74.
Bartlett, J. E., Kotrlik, J. W., & Higgins, C. C. (2001). Organizational Research: Determining Organizational Research: Determining Appropriate Sample Size in Survey Research Appropriate Sample Size in Survey Research. Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 19(1), 43–50.
Bekele-Tesemma, A. (2007). Useful trees and shrubs of Ethiopia: Identification, Propagation and Management for 17 Agroclimatic Zones (B. Tengnäs, E. Kelbesa, S. Demissew, & P. Maundu (eds.)). Relma in ICRAF Project.
Berecha, G., Aerts, R., Roldan-ruiz, I., & Honnay, O. (2010). Anthropogenic Forest Fragmentation and Management A Threat to the Wild Coffee Gene Pool?? 25(1).
Berecha, G., Aerts, R., Vandepitte, K., Van Glabeke, S., Muys, B., Roldán-Ruiz, I., & Honnay, O. (2014). Effects of forest management on mating patterns, pollen flow and intergenerational transfer of genetic diversity in wild Arabica coffee ( Coffea arabica L.) from Afromontane rainforests. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 112(1), 76–88.
Bogdanov, S. (1999). Honey quality and international regulatory standards?: review by the International Honey International honey standards are specified in a European Honey. 80(2), 61–69.
Bogdanov, S., Lüllmann, C., Martin, P., von der Ohe, W., Russmann, H., Vorwohl, G., Oddo, L. P., Sabatini, A. G., Marcazzan, G. L., Piro, R., Flamini, C., Morlot, M., Lhéritier, J., Borneck, R., Marioleas, P., Tsigouri, A., Kerkvliet, J., Ortiz, A., Ivanov, T., … Vit, P. (1999). Honey quality and international regulatory standards: Review by the international honey commission. Bee World, 80(2), 61–69.
Couvillon, M. J., Riddell Pearce, F. C., Accleton, C., Fensome, K. A., Quah, S. K. L., Taylor, E. L., & Ratnieks, F. L. W. (2015). Honey bee foraging distance depends on month and forage type. Apidologie, 46(1), 61–70.
Dallmeier, F. (1992). Long-term monitoring of biological diversity in tropical forest areas?: methods for establishment and inventory of permanent plots. Unesco.
Deffar, G. (1998). Data Collection and Analysis for Sustainable Forest Management in ACP Countries - Linking National and International Efforts.
Dinka, J., & Kumsa, T. (2016). Factors Affecting Honey Production in Ambo District, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. International Journal of Economics and Business Management, 2(2), 170–182.
Edwards, S. (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea vol. 2, Part 2. Uppsala Addis Ababa University.
Fichtl, R. (1994). Honeybee Flora of Ethiopia. Margraf Verlag.
Gebrehiwot, K., & Hundera, K. (2014). Species composition, Plant Community structure and Natural regeneration status of Belete Moist Evergreen Montane Forest, Oromia Regional state, Southwestern Ethiopia. Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science, 6(1), 97–101.
Gebretsadik, T., & Negash, D. (2016). Honeybee production system, challenges and opportunities in selected Districts of Gedeo Zone, Southern Nation, Nationalities and peoples regional state, Ethiopia. International Journal of Research-Granthaalayah, 4(4), 49–63.
Gebru, Y. G. (2015). Characterization of Beekeeping Systems and Honey Value Chain, and Effects of Storage Containers and Durations on Physico-Chemical Properties of Honey in Kilte Awlaelo District, Eastern Tigray, Ethiopia (Issue 0011).
Getu, A., & Birhan, M. (2014). Chemical Analysis of Honey and Major Honey Production Challenges in and Around Gondar, Ethiopia. Academic Journal of Nutrition, 3(1), 6–14.
Gole, T. W. (2003). Vegetation of the Yayu forest in SW Ethiopia: impacts of human use and implicatiions for in situ conservation of wild Coffea arabica L. Populations. Ecology and Development Series, 10, 1–7.
Gole, T. W., Borsch, T., Denich, M., & Teketay, D. (2008). Floristic composition and environmental factors characterizing coffee forests in southwest Ethiopia. Forest Ecology and Management, 255(7), 2138–2150.
Hundera, K. (2013). Effects of Coffee Forest Management and Fragmentation on Plant Communities and Regeneration Patterns In Afromontane Moist Evergreen Forests in South West Ethiopia. Jimma University.
Hwang, B., Hundera, K., Mekuria, B., Wood, A., & Asfaw, A. (2020). Intensified Management of Coffee Forest in Southwest Ethiopia Detected by Landsat Imagery. Forests, 11(4), 422. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11040422
Imbach, P., Fung, E., Hannah, L., Navarro-Racines, C. E., Roubik, D. W., Ricketts, T. H., Harvey, C. A., Donatti, C. I., Läderach, P., Locatelli, B., & Roehrdanz, P. R. (2017). Coupling of pollination services and coffee suitability under climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(39), 10438–10442.
Ito, Y. (2014). Local Honey Production Activities and Their Significance for Local People: A Case of Mountain Forest Area of Southwestern Ethiopia. African Study Monographs, 48, 77–97.
Jaccard, P. (1912). The Distribution of the Flora in the Alpine Zone. New Phytologist, 11(2), 37–50.
JICA. (2005). Report of the terminal evaluation on the Japanese technical cooperation for the participatory forest management project in Belete-Gera regional forest priority area phase 1 in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.
Kilawe, E., & Habimana, D. (2016). Forestry Contribution to National Economy and Trade in Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda. Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations.
McGill, E., Dong, Y., Frimpong, K., Haile, R., Liu, M., Schaffer, A. M., & Valente Da Costa, L. (2016). Improving household livelihoods with modern beekeeping and honey production.
MEFCC. (2018). National Forest Sector Development Program, Ethiopia Volume II: Program Pillars, Action Areas and Targets: Vol. II.
Mitiku, F., Nyssen, J., & Maertens, M. (2018). Can Coffee Certification Promote Land-sharing and Protect Forest in Ethiopia?? 1–28.
Mohammed, A., & Bekele, L. (2014). Changes in Carbon Stocks and Sequestration Potential under Native Forest and Adjacent Land use Systems at Gera, South-Western Ethiopia. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: D Agriculture and Veterinary, 14(10), 1–11.
Muli, E., Munguti, A., & Raina, S. K. (2007). Quality of honey harvested and processed using traditional methods in rural areas of Kenya. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 76(2), 315–320.
QSAE. (2005). Honey specification: Ethiopian standard, ES 1202: 2005. Quality and Standards Authority of Ethiopia.
Senbeta, F., & Denich, M. (2006). Effects of wild coffee management on species diversity in the Afromontane rainforests of Ethiopia. Forest Ecology and Management, 232(1–3), 68–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.064
Senbeta, F., Gole, T. W., Denich, M., & Kellbessa, E. (2013). Diversity of Useful Plants in the Coffee Forests of Ethiopia. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 11, 049–069.
Sereia, M. J., Alves, E. M., Toledo, V. A. A., Marchini, L. C., Serine, E. S., Faquinello, P., de Almeida, D., & Moreti, A. C. C. C. (2011). Physicochemical characteristics and pollen spectra of organic and non-organic honey samples of Apis mellifera L. Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 83(3), 1077–1090.
Shahnawaz, M., Sheikh, S. A., Hussain, M., Razaq, A., & Khan, S. S. (2013). A study on the determination of physicochemical properties of honey from different valleys of Gilgit-Baltistan. International Journal of Agricultural Science Research, 2(2), 49–053.
Silva, A. D. S., Alves, C. N., Fernandes, K. D. G., & Müller, R. C. S. (2013). Classification of honeys from Pará State (Amazon Region, Brazil) produced by three different species of bees using chemometric methods. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 24(7), 1135–1145.
Silva, L. R., Videira, R., Monteiro, A. P., Valentão, P., & Andrade, P. B. (2009). Honey from Luso region (Portugal): Physicochemical characteristics and mineral contents. Microchemical Journal, 93(1), 73–77.
Tadesse, G., Zavaleta, E., Shennan, C., & FitzSimmons, M. (2014). Prospects for forest-based ecosystem services in forest-coffee mosaics as forest loss continues in southwestern Ethiopia. Applied Geography, 50, 144–151.
Tulu, S., Berecha, G., Dereje, A., Gurmessa, B., Tesfaye, W., Shiferawu, M., & Abidissa, T. (2014). Participatory rural appraisal report: GERA Woreda, West Oromia Region.
Wiersum, K. F., Gole, T. W., Gatzweiler, F., Volkmann, J., Bognetteau, E., Ababa, A., Foundation, A., Action, S. L., Project, D., & Teferi, M. (2007). Certification of wild coffee in Ethiopia?: Experiences and challenges. April, 1–13.
Yadata, D. (2014). Detection of the Electrical Conductivity and Acidity of Honey from Different Areas of Tepi. Food Science and Technology, 2(5), 59–63.
Zewde, B. (1998). Forests and Forest Management in Wällo in Historical Perspective. Journal of Ethiopian Studies, 31(1), 87–121.
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