REKONSTRUKSI BISNIS UMKM DI INDONESIA: REFLEKSI ATAS DAMPAK EKONOMI AKIBAT PANDEMI COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32663/crmj.v4i2.2292Kata Kunci:
Business Strategy, Decreased Sales, UMKMAbstrak
This study analyzes efforts in rescuing MSMEs to maintain the stability of the national
financial system affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. The study uses a qualitative descriptive
approach with data obtained from literature review and interview. The outcome of interview
conducted to 100 MSMEs in Semarang City, Demak Regency and Kendal District shows the
issues faced by MSMEs due to the Covid-19 pandemic are decreased sales, difficulty in
obtaining raw materials, business capitals and paying premises rents, also production and
distribution disruption. The result of the study concluded seven strategies for maintaining and
increasing MSME sales: transforming its ways of marketing and sales online, diverting
products/services line, reallocation of funds, hygiene and halal assurance, providing
vouchers or gift cards, accelerating asset sales, and reduction of labor. This research is still
limited to one sector, that is the MSME. These seven scenarios are expected to encourage
MSMEs in improving and developing its capacities so it plays the role as economic safety
nets.
Referensi
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Amri, A. (2020). Dampak Covid-19 Terhadap UMKM di Indonesia. Jurnal Brand, 2(1), 123–130.
Andayani, I., Roesminingsih, M. V., & Yulianingsih, W. (2021). Strategi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pelaku UMKM Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Pendidikan Nonformal, 16(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.17977/um041v16i1p12-20
Anggraeni. (2013). Pengembangan Usaha Mikro, Kecil Dan Menengah (UMKM) Melalui Fasilitasi Pihak Eksternal Dan Potensi Internal (Studi Kasus Pada Kelompok Usaha “Emping Jagung” Di Kelurahan Pandanwangi Kecamatan Blimbing Kota Malang). Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 1(6), 1286–1295.
APEC. (2020). Intellectual Property Commercialization for SMEs. Intellectual Property Commercialization for SMEs, 1–24. Vladivostok: Committee on Trade and Investment(CTI), Intellectual Property Rights Experts Group (IPEG).
Asean, Policy Brief. (2020). Economic Impact of Covid-19 Outbreak on ASEAN. Jakarta: Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
Bank Indonesia. (2007). Booklet Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan. Jakarta: Bank Indonesia.
Bank Indonesia dan LPPI. (2015). Profil Bisnis Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM). Jakarta: Bank Indonesia dan LPPI.
Bouey, J. (2020). Assessment of COVID-19’s Impact on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Implications from China. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
Bungin, B. (2011). Penelitian Kualitatif: Komunikasi, Ekonomi, Kebijakan Publik, dan Ilmu Sosial Lainnya. Jakarta: Kencana Prenata Media.
CNBC Indonesia. (2020). Kadin: Penjualan UMKM di Masa Covid-19 Turun Hingga 70%. CNBC Indonesia. Diakses pada 17 April 2020, dari https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20200417170805-8-152770/kadin-penjualan-umkm-di-masa-covid-19-turun-hingga-70
Dienillah, A. A., & Anggraeni, L. (2016). Dampak Inklusi Keuangan Terhadap Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan di Asia. Buletin Ekonomi Moneter Dan Perbankan, 18(4), 409-430. https://doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v18i4.574
Donthu, N., & Gustafsson, A. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on Business And Research. In Journal of Business Research, 117, 284-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.008
Eggers, F., Hatak, I., Kraus, S., & Niemand, T. (2017). Technologies That Support Marketing and Market Development in SMEs—Evidence from Social Networks. Journal of Small Business Management, 55(2), 270-302. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12313
Endri. (2009). Penguatan Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan Melalui Peningkatan Fungsi Intermediasi dan Efisiensi Bank Pembangunan Daerah (BPD). Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan, 13(1), 120-134.
Fitriasari, F. (2020). How do Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) Survive the COVID-19 Outbreak? Jurnal Inovasi Ekonomi, 5(2), 53-62. https://doi.org/10.22219/jiko.v5i3.11838
Gërguri-Rashiti, S., Ramadani, V., Abazi-Alili, H., Dana, L. P., & Ratten, V. (2017). ICT, Innovation and Firm Performance: The Transition Economies Context. Thunderbird International Business Review, 59(1), 93-102. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21772
Green, J. (2020). Covid-19 Is Becoming the Disease That Divides Us: By Race, Class and Age. Diakses pada 25 May 2020, dari https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-21/covid-19-divides-u-s-society-by-race-class-and-age
Hardilawati, W. Laura. (2021). Strategi Bertahan UMKM di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Ekonomika, 10(1), 89–98. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.37859/jae.v10i1.1934
Jaworski, B., Kohli, A. K., & Sahay, A. (2000). Market-driven Versus Driving Markets. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(1), 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070300281005
Kartiningrum, E. D. (2015). Panduan Penyusunan Studi Literatur. Mojokerto: Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Politeknik Kesehatan Majapahit.
Liguori, E., Bendickson, J., Solomon, S., & McDowell, W. C. (2019). Development of a Multi-Dimensional Measure For Assessing Entrepreneurial Ecosystems. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 31(1-2), 7-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2018.1537144
Maulidasari, C. D., & Damrus. (2020). Dampak Pemasaran Online Di Era Covid-19. Jurnal Bisnis Dan Kajian Strategi Manajemen, 4(2), 233–245.
Nurshabrina, H., Rahmawati, D. F. A., & Tukiman, T. (2021). Strategi Bertahan Umkm Paguyuban Sewelas Penjaringansari Dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19. Dinamika: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Negara, 8(2), 280–290.
Ozili, P. K. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic and Economic Crisis: The Nigerian Experience and Structural Causes. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 37(4), 401-418. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-05-2020-0074
Pelham, A. M. (2000). Market Orientation and Other Potential Influences on Performance in Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 38(1), 48-67.
Purwanti. (2016). Strategi Pengembangan Startup UMKM Berbasis Syariah Melalui Penciptaan Kompetensi Inti. Dalam F. Pratikto, et al. (Ed.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Call for Papers Ekonomi Syariah: Ekonomi Syariah Dalam Pemberdayaan Sektor Riil di Indonesia, 13–24. Malang: CV. Ampuh Multi Rejeki.
Raharja, S. J., & Natari, S. U. (2021). Pengembangan Usaha Umkm Di Masa Pandemi Melalui Optimalisasi Penggunaan Dan Pengelolaan Media Digital. Kumawula: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 4(1), 108. https://doi.org/10.24198/kumawula.v4i1.32361
Rofaida Rofi, A. C. (2020). Upgrading Kinerja Bisnis Melalui Digital Literacy?: Upaya Untuk Memperoleh Keunggulan Bersaing Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0. AdBispreneur?: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Administrasi Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 5(3), 211–225. https://doi.org/10.24198/adbispreneur.v5i3.26709
Sari, D. I. (2015). Analisis terhadap Peranan dan Strategi Bank Indonesia serta Pemerintah dalam Menjaga Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan di Indonesia. Moneter-Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 11(1), 29-36.
Siagian, A. O., & Cahyono, Y. (2021). Strategi Pemulihan Pemasaran UMKM di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Pada Sektor Ekonomi Kreatif. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Sistem Informasi Bisnis, 3(1), 206–217. https://doi.org/10.47233/jiteksis.v3i1.212
Sofi Maya Sari, Yunizar, D. S. (2020). Penentuan Keunggulan Bersaing Pada UMKM: Apakah Kompetensi Digital dan Oreientasi Kewirausahaan Penting? AdBispreneur?: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Administrasi Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 5(1), 70. https://doi.org/10.24198/adbispreneur.v5i1.26999
Suhaili, M., & Sugiharsono, S. (2019). Role of MSME in Absorbing Labor and Contribution to GDP. Economics Development Analysis Journal, 8(3), 301-315. https://doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v8i3.35229
Suliswati, D., & Razi, F. (2020). Kebijakan Pemerintah Desa Lowayu Kecamatan Dukun Kabupaten Gresik Dalam Rekonstruksi Ekonomi Pasca Pandemi Covid-19. Prosiding Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 7(2), 348. https://doi.org/10.24198/jppm.v7i2.28977
Suprayitno, H., Lukito, R., & Farida, N. (2021). Rekonstruksi Dampak Ekonomi Umkm Kabupaten Blitar Di Tengah Covid-19. JAAKFE UNTAN (Jurnal Audit Dan Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Tanjungpura), 10(1), 44. https://doi.org/10.26418/jaakfe.v10i1.47013
Suryahadi, A. (2020). S&P Pangkas Outlook Indonesia, Bagaimana Dampaknya Ke Pergerakan IHSG?. Diakses pada 28 Mei 2020, dari https://investasi.kontan.co.id/news/sp-pangkas-outlook-indonesia-bagaimana-dampaknya-ke-pergerakan-ihsg-1.
United Nations. (2020). United Nations Secretary-General Launches Plan to Address The Potentially Devastating Socio-Economic Impacts Of COVID-19: Establishes Global Fund to Support Low- and Middle-Income Countries. United Nations Press Release 31 March 2020. Diakses pada 25 Mei 2020, dari http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/press/releases/2020/April/united-nations-secretary-general-launches-plan-to-address-the-potentially-devastating-socio-economic-impacts-of-covid-19.html.
Amri, A. (2020). Dampak Covid-19 Terhadap UMKM di Indonesia. Jurnal Brand, 2(1), 123–130.
Andayani, I., Roesminingsih, M. V., & Yulianingsih, W. (2021). Strategi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pelaku UMKM Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Pendidikan Nonformal, 16(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.17977/um041v16i1p12-20
Anggraeni. (2013). Pengembangan Usaha Mikro, Kecil Dan Menengah (UMKM) Melalui Fasilitasi Pihak Eksternal Dan Potensi Internal (Studi Kasus Pada Kelompok Usaha “Emping Jagung” Di Kelurahan Pandanwangi Kecamatan Blimbing Kota Malang). Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 1(6), 1286–1295.
APEC. (2020). Intellectual Property Commercialization for SMEs. Intellectual Property Commercialization for SMEs, 1–24. Vladivostok: Committee on Trade and Investment(CTI), Intellectual Property Rights Experts Group (IPEG).
Asean, Policy Brief. (2020). Economic Impact of Covid-19 Outbreak on ASEAN. Jakarta: Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
Bank Indonesia. (2007). Booklet Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan. Jakarta: Bank Indonesia.
Bank Indonesia dan LPPI. (2015). Profil Bisnis Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM). Jakarta: Bank Indonesia dan LPPI.
Bouey, J. (2020). Assessment of COVID-19’s Impact on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Implications from China. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
Bungin, B. (2011). Penelitian Kualitatif: Komunikasi, Ekonomi, Kebijakan Publik, dan Ilmu Sosial Lainnya. Jakarta: Kencana Prenata Media.
CNBC Indonesia. (2020). Kadin: Penjualan UMKM di Masa Covid-19 Turun Hingga 70%. CNBC Indonesia. Diakses pada 17 April 2020, dari https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20200417170805-8-152770/kadin-penjualan-umkm-di-masa-covid-19-turun-hingga-70
Dienillah, A. A., & Anggraeni, L. (2016). Dampak Inklusi Keuangan Terhadap Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan di Asia. Buletin Ekonomi Moneter Dan Perbankan, 18(4), 409-430. https://doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v18i4.574
Donthu, N., & Gustafsson, A. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on Business And Research. In Journal of Business Research, 117, 284-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.008
Eggers, F., Hatak, I., Kraus, S., & Niemand, T. (2017). Technologies That Support Marketing and Market Development in SMEs—Evidence from Social Networks. Journal of Small Business Management, 55(2), 270-302. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12313
Endri. (2009). Penguatan Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan Melalui Peningkatan Fungsi Intermediasi dan Efisiensi Bank Pembangunan Daerah (BPD). Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan, 13(1), 120-134.
Fitriasari, F. (2020). How do Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) Survive the COVID-19 Outbreak? Jurnal Inovasi Ekonomi, 5(2), 53-62. https://doi.org/10.22219/jiko.v5i3.11838
Gërguri-Rashiti, S., Ramadani, V., Abazi-Alili, H., Dana, L. P., & Ratten, V. (2017). ICT, Innovation and Firm Performance: The Transition Economies Context. Thunderbird International Business Review, 59(1), 93-102. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21772
Green, J. (2020). Covid-19 Is Becoming the Disease That Divides Us: By Race, Class and Age. Diakses pada 25 May 2020, dari https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-21/covid-19-divides-u-s-society-by-race-class-and-age
Hardilawati, W. Laura. (2021). Strategi Bertahan UMKM di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Ekonomika, 10(1), 89–98. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.37859/jae.v10i1.1934
Jaworski, B., Kohli, A. K., & Sahay, A. (2000). Market-driven Versus Driving Markets. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(1), 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070300281005
Kartiningrum, E. D. (2015). Panduan Penyusunan Studi Literatur. Mojokerto: Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Politeknik Kesehatan Majapahit.
Liguori, E., Bendickson, J., Solomon, S., & McDowell, W. C. (2019). Development of a Multi-Dimensional Measure For Assessing Entrepreneurial Ecosystems. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 31(1-2), 7-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2018.1537144
Maulidasari, C. D., & Damrus. (2020). Dampak Pemasaran Online Di Era Covid-19. Jurnal Bisnis Dan Kajian Strategi Manajemen, 4(2), 233–245.
Nurshabrina, H., Rahmawati, D. F. A., & Tukiman, T. (2021). Strategi Bertahan Umkm Paguyuban Sewelas Penjaringansari Dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19. Dinamika: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Negara, 8(2), 280–290.
Ozili, P. K. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic and Economic Crisis: The Nigerian Experience and Structural Causes. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 37(4), 401-418. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-05-2020-0074
Pelham, A. M. (2000). Market Orientation and Other Potential Influences on Performance in Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 38(1), 48-67.
Purwanti. (2016). Strategi Pengembangan Startup UMKM Berbasis Syariah Melalui Penciptaan Kompetensi Inti. Dalam F. Pratikto, et al. (Ed.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Call for Papers Ekonomi Syariah: Ekonomi Syariah Dalam Pemberdayaan Sektor Riil di Indonesia, 13–24. Malang: CV. Ampuh Multi Rejeki.
Raharja, S. J., & Natari, S. U. (2021). Pengembangan Usaha Umkm Di Masa Pandemi Melalui Optimalisasi Penggunaan Dan Pengelolaan Media Digital. Kumawula: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 4(1), 108. https://doi.org/10.24198/kumawula.v4i1.32361
Rofaida Rofi, A. C. (2020). Upgrading Kinerja Bisnis Melalui Digital Literacy?: Upaya Untuk Memperoleh Keunggulan Bersaing Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0. AdBispreneur?: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Administrasi Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 5(3), 211–225. https://doi.org/10.24198/adbispreneur.v5i3.26709
Sari, D. I. (2015). Analisis terhadap Peranan dan Strategi Bank Indonesia serta Pemerintah dalam Menjaga Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan di Indonesia. Moneter-Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 11(1), 29-36.
Siagian, A. O., & Cahyono, Y. (2021). Strategi Pemulihan Pemasaran UMKM di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Pada Sektor Ekonomi Kreatif. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Sistem Informasi Bisnis, 3(1), 206–217. https://doi.org/10.47233/jiteksis.v3i1.212
Sofi Maya Sari, Yunizar, D. S. (2020). Penentuan Keunggulan Bersaing Pada UMKM: Apakah Kompetensi Digital dan Oreientasi Kewirausahaan Penting? AdBispreneur?: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Administrasi Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 5(1), 70. https://doi.org/10.24198/adbispreneur.v5i1.26999
Suhaili, M., & Sugiharsono, S. (2019). Role of MSME in Absorbing Labor and Contribution to GDP. Economics Development Analysis Journal, 8(3), 301-315. https://doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v8i3.35229
Suliswati, D., & Razi, F. (2020). Kebijakan Pemerintah Desa Lowayu Kecamatan Dukun Kabupaten Gresik Dalam Rekonstruksi Ekonomi Pasca Pandemi Covid-19. Prosiding Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 7(2), 348. https://doi.org/10.24198/jppm.v7i2.28977
Suprayitno, H., Lukito, R., & Farida, N. (2021). Rekonstruksi Dampak Ekonomi Umkm Kabupaten Blitar Di Tengah Covid-19. JAAKFE UNTAN (Jurnal Audit Dan Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Tanjungpura), 10(1), 44. https://doi.org/10.26418/jaakfe.v10i1.47013
Suryahadi, A. (2020). S&P Pangkas Outlook Indonesia, Bagaimana Dampaknya Ke Pergerakan IHSG?. Diakses pada 28 Mei 2020, dari https://investasi.kontan.co.id/news/sp-pangkas-outlook-indonesia-bagaimana-dampaknya-ke-pergerakan-ihsg-1.
United Nations. (2020). United Nations Secretary-General Launches Plan to Address The Potentially Devastating Socio-Economic Impacts Of COVID-19: Establishes Global Fund to Support Low- and Middle-Income Countries. United Nations Press Release 31 March 2020. Diakses pada 25 Mei 2020, dari http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/press/releases/2020/April/united-nations-secretary-general-launches-plan-to-address-the-potentially-devastating-socio-economic-impacts-of-covid-19.html.
