PERUBAHAN BEBERAPA SIFAT KIMIA TANAH SETELAH PRODUKSI PADIDAMPAK PEMBERIAN PUPUK KANDANG SAPI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32663/ja.v20i2.3140Keywords:
nutrition level changes, paddy, post harvestAbstract
Rice plants are able to express their genetic abilities if their growth is supported by an optimal growing environment such as both organik and inorganik fertilization. The ability to plan nutrients to support the growth of rice plants has decreased and is less responsive to fertilization, N, P, K. because the level of soil fertility decreases, the period of biological fertility in the period of physical fertility and paddy soil. This study aims to determine the changes in some chemical properties of the soil after the first rice harvest, using cow manure and biochar and N, P, K, Zn fertilizers as basic fertilizers, using a randomized block design with 7 levels of cow manure treatment that is, 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12, 5 and 15 tons ha-1. Collected data were analyzed using variance and advanced test DMRT 5% level. The results showed that there was a change in some chemical properties of the rice field soil after harvesting the Mekongga variety, among others, a decrease in pH to 1 level, an increase in Organik C 95.41%, N total 80%, K Total 56.49%, CEC, 63.57%. Zn is available 46.55% and P is available 422.52%.
References
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Agus, F., Sulaeman, Suparto, & Eviati. (2006). Petunjuk Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air, dan Pupuk. In Balai Penelitian Tanah Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Departemen Pertanian. Retrieved from http://balittanah.litbang.deptan.go.id
Alavan, A., R. Hayati, dan E. Hayati. 2015. Pengaruh pemupukan terhadap pertumbuhan beberapa varietas padi gogo (Oryza sativa L.). J Floratek. 10: 61–68.
Asai, H., Samson, B. K., Stephan, H. M., Songyikhangsuthor, K., Homma, K., Kiyono, Y., … Horie, T. (2009). Biochar Amendment Techniques for Upland Rice Production in Northern Laos. 1. Soil Physical Properties, leaf SPAD and Grain Yield. Field Crops Research, 111, 81–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2008.10.008
Azis, A., Muyassir, & Bakhtiar. (2012). Perbedaan Jarak Tanam dan Dosis Pupuk Kandang terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah dan Hasil Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.). Jurnal Manajemen Sumberdaya Lahan, 1(2), 120–125.
Bachtiar et al, 2020. Pengaruh dan Kontribusi Pupuk Kandang terhadap N total,
Serapan N ( 15N), dan Hasil Padi Sawah (Oryazae sativa L.) Varietas MIRA-
1. Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Nuklir Indonesia. 21(1) : 35-48
Brady, N. C., & Weil, R. R. (2008). The Nature and Properties of Soils (14th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Chairunnisya, R. A., Hanum, H., & Hidayat, B. (2017). Aplikasi Bahan Organik dan Biochar Untuk Meningkatkan C Organik, P dan Zn Tersedia pada Tanah Sawah. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi FP USU, 5(3), 494–499.
Dariah, A., Sutono, S., Nurida, N. L., Hartatik, W., & Pratiwi, E. (2015). Pembenah Tanah untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Lahan Pertanian. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan, 9(2), 67–84.
Follet, R. H., Murphy, L. S., & Donahue, R. L. (1981). Fertilizers and Soil Amendments. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall inc.
Guillaume T, Mareike A, Damris M, Brümmer B, Kuzyakov Y. 2016. Agriculture , ecosystems and environment soil degradation in oil palm and rubber plantations under land resource scarcity. Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment. 232: 110–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.07.002
Habibi AF., Agung Nugroho, dan agus suryanto. 2014. Kajian Pengaturan Jarak Tanam dan Irigasi Berselang pada Metode SRI terhadap Produktifitas Padi Varietas Ciherang.Pustaka pertanian ub.staff.ub.ac.id/.../kajian-jarak-tanam. Diakses tanggal 2 Juni 2019.
Hamam, M., Pujiasmanto, B., & Supriyono. (2017). Peningkatan Hasil Padi (Oryza sativa L.) dan Kadar Zink dalam Beras melalui Aplikasi Zink Sulfat Heptahidrat. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia, 45(3), 243–248. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v45i3.12287
Hanafiah, K. A. (2010). Dasar Dasar Ilmu Tanah (4th ed.). Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada.
Jamilah, Muyassir, & Syakur. (2012). Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) Akibat Pemberian Arang Aktif dan Urea. Jurnal Manajemen Sumberdaya Lahan, 1(2), 146–150. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657394
Kertia I, Arthana I, Adnyana, S. 2019. Studi eutrofikasi akibat aktivitas penggunaan lahan di danau buyan. Journal of Environ Sci. 12(2):132-147
Kusmanto. (2019). Penyuluhan Manfaat Kotoran Sapi Bagi Pertumbuhan Tanaman Padi Di Poktan Srisadono. Desa Karangrejo.Kec Kerjo.Kab Karanganyar. Tersedia: http://cybex.pertanian.go.id/mobile/artikel/71972/Penyuluhan-Manfaat-Kotoran Sapi-Bagi-Pertumbuhan-Tanaman-Padi--Di-Poktan-Srisadono DesaKarangrejoKec-KerjoKab-Karanganyar/. 10 April 2021
Laird, D. A., Fleming, P., Davis, D. D., Horton, R., Wang, B. B., Karlen, D. L., … L.Karlen, D. (2010). Impact of Biochar Amendments on the Quality of a Typical Midwestern Agricultural Soil. Geoderma, 158(3–4), 443–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013
Las, I. dan D. Setyorini. 2010. Kondisi Lahan, Tknologi, Arah, dan Pengembangan Pupuk Majemuk NPK dan Pupuk Organik. Prosiding Semnas Peranan Pupuk NPK dan Organik dalam Meningkatkan Produksi dan Swasembada Beras Berkelanjutan. Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian, Bogor 24 Februari 2010
Liu, X.-H., & Zhang, X.-C. (2012). Effect of Biochar on pH of Alkaline Soils in the Loess Plateau?: Results from Incubation Experiments. International Journal of Agriculture&Biology, 14(5), 745–750.
Masulili, A., Utomo, W. H., & Syechfani, M. S. (2010). Rice Husk Biochar for Rice Based Cropping System in Acid Soil 1. The Characteristics of Rice Husk Biochar and Its Influence on the Properties of Acid Sulfate Soils and Rice Growth in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Journal of Agricultural Science, 2(1), 39–47. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v2n1p39
Mateus, R., Kantur, D., & Moy, L. M. (2017). Pemanfaatan Biochar Limbah Pertanian sebagai Pembenah Tanah untuk Perbaikan Kualitas Tanah dan Hasil Jagung di Lahan Kering. Agrotop, 7(2), 99–108. Retrieved from https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/agrotrop/article/view/41166
Namgay, T., Singh, B., & Singh, B. P. (2010). Influence of Biochar Application to Soil on the Availability of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn to Maize (Zea mays L.). Australian Journal of Soil Research, 48(6–7), 638–647. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR10049
Rosmarkam, A., & Yuwono, N. W. (2002). Ilmu Kesuburan Tanah. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Salawati, Mohammad Basir, Indrianto Kadekoh, Abdul Rahim Thaha. (2016). Potensi biochar sekam padi terhadap perubahan pH,ktk, C organik dan P tersedia pada tanah sawahInceptisol. J. Agroland23 (2) : 101 - 109
Salawati, Sjarifuddin Ende, & Suprianto. (2019).Pengaruh sistem tanam terhadap berat 1000 butirpadi sawah varietas cigeulis dan ciherang. Jurnal AGRIFOR. Volume XX (1).DOI: https://doi.org/10.31293/agrifor.v20i1.5026
Salawati, Sajrifuddin, Ende., Mohammad Basir, Indrianto Kadekoh, Abdul Rahim Thaha. (2021).Peningkatan Kadar Zn Beras Pecah-Kulit pada Sistem Penggenangan Berselang Melalui Aplikasi Pupuk Kandang Diperkaya Zn Heptahidrat. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia (JIPI), Vol. 26 (4): 630-638. DOI: http://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/JIPI
Santi, L. P., & Goenadi, D. H. (2010). Pemanfaatan bio-char Sebagai Pembawa Mikroba untuk Pemantap Agregat Tanah Ultisol dari Taman Bogo-Lampung. Menara Perkebunana, 78(2), 52–60.
Selim, M. (2015). Phosphate in Soils: Interaction With Micronutrients, Radionuclides and Heavy Metals. Taylor&Fracis Group. CRC Press Boca Raton.
Sillanpaa, M. (1982). Micronutrient and the Nutrient Status of Soils?: a Global Study. In Finnida. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/a-at167e.pdf
Solomon, I. R., Saddiq, A. M., & Usman, B. H. (2014). Effects of Some Organik Manures on N , P , K , Zn and Fe Uptake in Straw and Grains of Rice in the Soils of Lake Geriyo , Adamawa State , Nigeria. American-Eurasian J.Agric.& Environ.Sci, 14(7), 674–680. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.07.12371
Syahidah A,M dan Hermiyanto B. (2019). Pengaruh penambahan pupuk kandang sapi dan pupuk sp-36 terhadap perbaikan sifat kimia tanah, pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) pada tanah tercemar limbah padat pabrik kertas (lime mud). Berkala Ilmiah Pertanian, 2 (4) : 132-140.
Tambunan, S., Siswanto, B., & Handayanto, E. (2014). Pengaruh Aplikasi Bahan Organik Segar dan Biochar Terhadap Ketersediaan P Dalam Tanah Di Lahan Kering Malang Selatan. Jurnal Tanah Dan Sumberdaya Lahan, 1(1), 89–98.
Tufaila, M., Yusrina, & Alam, S. (2014). Pengaruh Pupuk Bokashi Kotoran Sapi Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Padi Sawah Pada Ultisol Puosu Jaya Kecamatan Konda, Konawe Selatan. Jurnal Agroteknos, 4(1), 18–25.
Widowati, Asnah, & Sutoyo. (2012). Pengaruh Penggunaan Biochar dan Pupuk Kalium terhadap Pencucian dan Serapan Kalium pada Tanaman Jagung. Buana Sains, 12(1), 83–90.
Widowati, Utomo, W. H., Soehono, L. A., & Guritno, B. (2011). Effect of Biochar on the Release and Loss of Nitrogen From Urea Fertilization. J. Agric. Food. Tech, 1(7), 127–132.
Wissuwa, M., Ismail, A. M., & Graham, R. D. (2008). Rice Grain Zinc Concentrations as Affected by Genotype , Native Soil-Zinc Availability , and Zinc Fertilization. Plant Soil, 306 : 37–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9368-4
Zhang, A., Cui, L., Pan, G., Li, L., Hussain, Q., Zhang, X., … Crowley, D. (2010). Effect of biochar amendment on yield and methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a rice paddy from Tai Lake plain, China. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 139(4) : 469–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.09.003
Agus, F., Sulaeman, Suparto, & Eviati. (2006). Petunjuk Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air, dan Pupuk. In Balai Penelitian Tanah Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Departemen Pertanian. Retrieved from http://balittanah.litbang.deptan.go.id
Alavan, A., R. Hayati, dan E. Hayati. 2015. Pengaruh pemupukan terhadap pertumbuhan beberapa varietas padi gogo (Oryza sativa L.). J Floratek. 10: 61–68.
Asai, H., Samson, B. K., Stephan, H. M., Songyikhangsuthor, K., Homma, K., Kiyono, Y., … Horie, T. (2009). Biochar Amendment Techniques for Upland Rice Production in Northern Laos. 1. Soil Physical Properties, leaf SPAD and Grain Yield. Field Crops Research, 111, 81–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2008.10.008
Azis, A., Muyassir, & Bakhtiar. (2012). Perbedaan Jarak Tanam dan Dosis Pupuk Kandang terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah dan Hasil Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.). Jurnal Manajemen Sumberdaya Lahan, 1(2), 120–125.
Bachtiar et al, 2020. Pengaruh dan Kontribusi Pupuk Kandang terhadap N total,
Serapan N ( 15N), dan Hasil Padi Sawah (Oryazae sativa L.) Varietas MIRA-
1. Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Nuklir Indonesia. 21(1) : 35-48
Brady, N. C., & Weil, R. R. (2008). The Nature and Properties of Soils (14th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Chairunnisya, R. A., Hanum, H., & Hidayat, B. (2017). Aplikasi Bahan Organik dan Biochar Untuk Meningkatkan C Organik, P dan Zn Tersedia pada Tanah Sawah. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi FP USU, 5(3), 494–499.
Dariah, A., Sutono, S., Nurida, N. L., Hartatik, W., & Pratiwi, E. (2015). Pembenah Tanah untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Lahan Pertanian. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan, 9(2), 67–84.
Follet, R. H., Murphy, L. S., & Donahue, R. L. (1981). Fertilizers and Soil Amendments. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall inc.
Guillaume T, Mareike A, Damris M, Brümmer B, Kuzyakov Y. 2016. Agriculture , ecosystems and environment soil degradation in oil palm and rubber plantations under land resource scarcity. Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment. 232: 110–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.07.002
Habibi AF., Agung Nugroho, dan agus suryanto. 2014. Kajian Pengaturan Jarak Tanam dan Irigasi Berselang pada Metode SRI terhadap Produktifitas Padi Varietas Ciherang.Pustaka pertanian ub.staff.ub.ac.id/.../kajian-jarak-tanam. Diakses tanggal 2 Juni 2019.
Hamam, M., Pujiasmanto, B., & Supriyono. (2017). Peningkatan Hasil Padi (Oryza sativa L.) dan Kadar Zink dalam Beras melalui Aplikasi Zink Sulfat Heptahidrat. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia, 45(3), 243–248. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v45i3.12287
Hanafiah, K. A. (2010). Dasar Dasar Ilmu Tanah (4th ed.). Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada.
Jamilah, Muyassir, & Syakur. (2012). Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) Akibat Pemberian Arang Aktif dan Urea. Jurnal Manajemen Sumberdaya Lahan, 1(2), 146–150. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657394
Kertia I, Arthana I, Adnyana, S. 2019. Studi eutrofikasi akibat aktivitas penggunaan lahan di danau buyan. Journal of Environ Sci. 12(2):132-147
Kusmanto. (2019). Penyuluhan Manfaat Kotoran Sapi Bagi Pertumbuhan Tanaman Padi Di Poktan Srisadono. Desa Karangrejo.Kec Kerjo.Kab Karanganyar. Tersedia: http://cybex.pertanian.go.id/mobile/artikel/71972/Penyuluhan-Manfaat-Kotoran Sapi-Bagi-Pertumbuhan-Tanaman-Padi--Di-Poktan-Srisadono DesaKarangrejoKec-KerjoKab-Karanganyar/. 10 April 2021
Laird, D. A., Fleming, P., Davis, D. D., Horton, R., Wang, B. B., Karlen, D. L., … L.Karlen, D. (2010). Impact of Biochar Amendments on the Quality of a Typical Midwestern Agricultural Soil. Geoderma, 158(3–4), 443–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013
Las, I. dan D. Setyorini. 2010. Kondisi Lahan, Tknologi, Arah, dan Pengembangan Pupuk Majemuk NPK dan Pupuk Organik. Prosiding Semnas Peranan Pupuk NPK dan Organik dalam Meningkatkan Produksi dan Swasembada Beras Berkelanjutan. Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian, Bogor 24 Februari 2010
Liu, X.-H., & Zhang, X.-C. (2012). Effect of Biochar on pH of Alkaline Soils in the Loess Plateau?: Results from Incubation Experiments. International Journal of Agriculture&Biology, 14(5), 745–750.
Masulili, A., Utomo, W. H., & Syechfani, M. S. (2010). Rice Husk Biochar for Rice Based Cropping System in Acid Soil 1. The Characteristics of Rice Husk Biochar and Its Influence on the Properties of Acid Sulfate Soils and Rice Growth in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Journal of Agricultural Science, 2(1), 39–47. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v2n1p39
Mateus, R., Kantur, D., & Moy, L. M. (2017). Pemanfaatan Biochar Limbah Pertanian sebagai Pembenah Tanah untuk Perbaikan Kualitas Tanah dan Hasil Jagung di Lahan Kering. Agrotop, 7(2), 99–108. Retrieved from https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/agrotrop/article/view/41166
Namgay, T., Singh, B., & Singh, B. P. (2010). Influence of Biochar Application to Soil on the Availability of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn to Maize (Zea mays L.). Australian Journal of Soil Research, 48(6–7), 638–647. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR10049
Rosmarkam, A., & Yuwono, N. W. (2002). Ilmu Kesuburan Tanah. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Salawati, Mohammad Basir, Indrianto Kadekoh, Abdul Rahim Thaha. (2016). Potensi biochar sekam padi terhadap perubahan pH,ktk, C organik dan P tersedia pada tanah sawahInceptisol. J. Agroland23 (2) : 101 - 109
Salawati, Sjarifuddin Ende, & Suprianto. (2019).Pengaruh sistem tanam terhadap berat 1000 butirpadi sawah varietas cigeulis dan ciherang. Jurnal AGRIFOR. Volume XX (1).DOI: https://doi.org/10.31293/agrifor.v20i1.5026
Salawati, Sajrifuddin, Ende., Mohammad Basir, Indrianto Kadekoh, Abdul Rahim Thaha. (2021).Peningkatan Kadar Zn Beras Pecah-Kulit pada Sistem Penggenangan Berselang Melalui Aplikasi Pupuk Kandang Diperkaya Zn Heptahidrat. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia (JIPI), Vol. 26 (4): 630-638. DOI: http://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/JIPI
Santi, L. P., & Goenadi, D. H. (2010). Pemanfaatan bio-char Sebagai Pembawa Mikroba untuk Pemantap Agregat Tanah Ultisol dari Taman Bogo-Lampung. Menara Perkebunana, 78(2), 52–60.
Selim, M. (2015). Phosphate in Soils: Interaction With Micronutrients, Radionuclides and Heavy Metals. Taylor&Fracis Group. CRC Press Boca Raton.
Sillanpaa, M. (1982). Micronutrient and the Nutrient Status of Soils?: a Global Study. In Finnida. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/a-at167e.pdf
Solomon, I. R., Saddiq, A. M., & Usman, B. H. (2014). Effects of Some Organik Manures on N , P , K , Zn and Fe Uptake in Straw and Grains of Rice in the Soils of Lake Geriyo , Adamawa State , Nigeria. American-Eurasian J.Agric.& Environ.Sci, 14(7), 674–680. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.07.12371
Syahidah A,M dan Hermiyanto B. (2019). Pengaruh penambahan pupuk kandang sapi dan pupuk sp-36 terhadap perbaikan sifat kimia tanah, pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) pada tanah tercemar limbah padat pabrik kertas (lime mud). Berkala Ilmiah Pertanian, 2 (4) : 132-140.
Tambunan, S., Siswanto, B., & Handayanto, E. (2014). Pengaruh Aplikasi Bahan Organik Segar dan Biochar Terhadap Ketersediaan P Dalam Tanah Di Lahan Kering Malang Selatan. Jurnal Tanah Dan Sumberdaya Lahan, 1(1), 89–98.
Tufaila, M., Yusrina, & Alam, S. (2014). Pengaruh Pupuk Bokashi Kotoran Sapi Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Padi Sawah Pada Ultisol Puosu Jaya Kecamatan Konda, Konawe Selatan. Jurnal Agroteknos, 4(1), 18–25.
Widowati, Asnah, & Sutoyo. (2012). Pengaruh Penggunaan Biochar dan Pupuk Kalium terhadap Pencucian dan Serapan Kalium pada Tanaman Jagung. Buana Sains, 12(1), 83–90.
Widowati, Utomo, W. H., Soehono, L. A., & Guritno, B. (2011). Effect of Biochar on the Release and Loss of Nitrogen From Urea Fertilization. J. Agric. Food. Tech, 1(7), 127–132.
Wissuwa, M., Ismail, A. M., & Graham, R. D. (2008). Rice Grain Zinc Concentrations as Affected by Genotype , Native Soil-Zinc Availability , and Zinc Fertilization. Plant Soil, 306 : 37–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9368-4
Zhang, A., Cui, L., Pan, G., Li, L., Hussain, Q., Zhang, X., … Crowley, D. (2010). Effect of biochar amendment on yield and methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a rice paddy from Tai Lake plain, China. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 139(4) : 469–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.09.003
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