EKSTRAK DAUN GANJA (Cannabis sativa Linn) SEBAGAI AGEN ANESTESI IKAN KOI (Cyprinus carpio Koi)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32663/ja.v16i2.447Keywords:
Ekstraksi, tingkat konsumsi oksigen, hemoglobin, waktu sedatif, waktu sadarAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji efektivitas ganja (Cannabis sativaLinn) sebagai agen anestesi Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpioKoi). Tahapan ekstraksi ganja dan pemaparan kepada ikan uji dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Almuslim, sedangkan analisis hematologi dilakukan pada Laboratorium Patologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Syiah Kuala. Penelitian dilakukan berdasarkan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) terdiri dari empat perlakuan dengan lima ulangan untuk masing-masing perlakuan. Perlakuan A (1 mL.L-1 ekstrak daun ganja), perlakuan B (1,5 mL.L-1ekstrak daun ganja), perlakuan C (2 mL.L-1ekstrak daun ganja), perlakuan D (4 mL.L-1ekstrak daun ganja). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap waktu sedatif dan waktu sadar antar perlakuan. Waktu sedatif tercepat diperoleh pada perlakuan C sedangkan waktu sedatif terlama diperoleh pada perlakuan A yaitu masing masing sebesar 13,16 ± 2,28menit dan 20,08 ± 6,30 menit. Penggunaan dosis ekstrak yang terlalu tinggi dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan tingkat konsumsi oksigen dan perubahan profil hematologi
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Sladky KK, Swanson CR, Stoskopf MK, Loomis MR, Lewbart GA. 2001. Comparative efficacy of tricane methanesulfonate and clove oil for use as anesthetics in red pacu (Piaractus brachypomus). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 62: 337-342.
Sneddon LU. 2012. Clinical anesthesia and analgesia in fish. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 21: 32–43.
Tytler R. and Hawkins AD. 1981. Vivisection, anaesthetics and minor surgery. In: A.D. Hawkins, (Ed.), Aquarium Systems. Academic Press, London: 247-278
Weber ES. 2011. Fish analgesia: pain, stress, fear aversion, or nociception?. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice, 14(1): 21-32.

Williams T, Readman G, Owen S. 2009. Key issues concerning environmental enrichment for laboratory–held fish species. Laboratory Animals, 43(2): 107–120.
Zulfahmi I. 2018. Dampak Ekstrak Daun Ganja (Cannabis sativa Linn) Sebagai Agen Anestesi Terhadap Histopatologi Insang Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio Koi). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Multidisiplin Ilmu Universitas Asahan: 317–323.
Ashley PJ, Sneddon LU, McCrohan CR. 2007. Nociception in fish: stimulus–response properties of receptors on the head of trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Brain Research. 1166: 47–54.
Ayenigbara GO. 2012. Medical Utility of Cannabis Sativa. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy,
2(3): 460-463.
Barbas LAL, Hamoy M, Mello VJ, Barbosa RPM, Lima HST, Torres MF, Nascimento LAS, Silva JKR, Andrade EHA, Gomes MRF. 2017. Essential oil of citronella modulates electrophysiological responses in tambaqui Colossoma macropomum: A new anaesthetic for use in fish. Aquaculture, 479: 60-68.
Benli ACK, Koksal G, Ozkul A. 2008. Sublethal ammonia exposure of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.): Effects on gill, liver and kidney histology. Chemosphere, 72(9): 1355-1358.
Cunha MA, Silva BF, Delunardo FAC, Benovit SC, Gomes LC, Heinzmann BM, Baldisserotto B. 2011. Anesthetic induction and recovery of Hippocampus reidi exposed to the essential oil of Lippia alba. Neotropical Ichthyology, 9(3): 683–688.
D'Souza DC, Perry E, MacDougall L, Ammerman Y, Cooper T, Braley G, Krystal JH. 2004. The psychotomimetic effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in healthy individuals: implications for psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology, 29(8): 1558–1572.
Departemen Kesehatan RI. 2000. Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat. (Edisi I). Direktorat Jendral Pengawasan Obat Dan Makanan, Direktorat Pengawasan Obat Tradisional. Jakarta:
Gomes LC, Chippari-Gomes AR, Lopes NP, Roubach R, Araujo-Lima CARM. 2001. Efficacy of Benzocaine as an Anesthetic in Juvenile Tambaqui Colossoma macropomum. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 32(4): 426-431.
Hampson AJ, Grimaldi M, Axelrod J, Wink D. 1998. Cannabidiol and (−)Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol are neuroprotective antioxidants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 95(14): 8268-8273.
Hirst RA, Lambert DG, Notcutt WG. 1998. Pharmacology and potential therapeutic uses of cannabis. British Journal Of Anasthesia, 81(1):77-84.
Husen A & Sharma AH. 2004. Efficacy of anesthetics for reducing stress in fish during aquaculture practices - a review. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 10(1): 104-123.
Inoue LAKA, Neto CS, Moraes G. 2003. Clove oil as anesthesic for juveniles of matrinxã Brycon cephalus (Gunther, 1969). Ciência Rural, 33(5): 943–947.
Kumar RN, Chambers WA, Pertwee RG. 2001. Pharmacological actions and therapeutic uses of cannabis and cannabinoids. Anaesthesia, 56(11): 1059-1068.
Kusrini E, Cindelaras S, Prasetio AB. 2015. Pengembangan Budidaya Ikan Hias Koi (Cyprinus Carpio) Lokal Di Balai Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Budidaya Ikan Hias Depok. Media Akuakultur, 10(2): 71-78.
Napimoga MH, Benatti BB, Lima FO, Alves PM, Campos AC, Pena-dos-Santos DR, Guimarães FS. 2009. Cannabidiol decreases bone resorption by inhibiting RANK/RANKL expression and pro-inflammatory cytokines during experimental periodontitis in rats. International immunopharmacology, 9(2): 216-222.
Pertwee RG, Thomas A. 2007. Therapeutic applications for agents that act at CB1 and CB2 receptors. In: Reggio PH (ed). The Cannabinoid Receptors. The Humana Press: Totowa, NJ: 361 – 392.
Popovic NT, Strunjak-Perovic I, Coz-Rakovac R, Barisic J, Jadan M, Beracovic AP, Klobucar RS. 2012. Tricaine methane-sulfonate (MS-222) application in fish anaesthesia. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 28(4): 553–564.
Ribas L, Flos R, Reig L, MacKenzie S, Barton BA, Tort L. 2007. Comparison of methods for anaesthetizing Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis) before slaughter: Stress responses and final product quality. Aquaculture, 269: 250–258
Roques JAC, Abbink W, Geurds F. 2010. Tailfin clipping, a painful procedure: studies on Nile tilapia and common carp. Physiology & Behavior, 101: 533–540.
Ross LG & Ross B. 2008. Anaesthetic and sedative techniques for aquatic animals, 3rd ed. Blackwell Science Ltd. Oxford. 240 pp.
Roubach R, Gomes LC, Fonseca FAL, Val AL. 2005. Eugenol as an efficacious anaesthetic for tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier). Aquaculture Research, 36(11): 1056– 1061.
Sandodden R, Finstad B. and Iversen M. 2001. Transport stress in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): anaesthesia and recovery. Aquaculture Research. 32(2):87-90.
Sladky KK, Swanson CR, Stoskopf MK, Loomis MR, Lewbart GA. 2001. Comparative efficacy of tricane methanesulfonate and clove oil for use as anesthetics in red pacu (Piaractus brachypomus). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 62: 337-342.
Sneddon LU. 2012. Clinical anesthesia and analgesia in fish. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 21: 32–43.
Tytler R. and Hawkins AD. 1981. Vivisection, anaesthetics and minor surgery. In: A.D. Hawkins, (Ed.), Aquarium Systems. Academic Press, London: 247-278
Weber ES. 2011. Fish analgesia: pain, stress, fear aversion, or nociception?. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice, 14(1): 21-32.

Williams T, Readman G, Owen S. 2009. Key issues concerning environmental enrichment for laboratory–held fish species. Laboratory Animals, 43(2): 107–120.
Zulfahmi I. 2018. Dampak Ekstrak Daun Ganja (Cannabis sativa Linn) Sebagai Agen Anestesi Terhadap Histopatologi Insang Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio Koi). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Multidisiplin Ilmu Universitas Asahan: 317–323.
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